Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GENERAL MEDICINE > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is AIDS

A

a) Presence of AIDS indicator condition, irrespective of CD4 AND/OR
b) CD4 <200 /ul irrespective of Clinical symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is Herpes simplex an AIDS indicator condition or Herpes zoster

A

Herpes Simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Persistent Glandular lymphadenopathy falls in which category of CDC? Category A, B or C

A

Category A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Family and Subfamily does HIV belong to

A

Family- Retrovirus

Subfamily- Lentivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which chimpanzee is Reservoir of HIV

A

Pan troglodytes troglodytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 3 types of Cells which contain CD4 which are infected by HIV

A

T lymphocytes
Monocytes /Macrophages
Dendritic cells / Langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which are the two types of Co-receptors to which HIV binds

A

CXCR4

CCR5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is APOBEC

A

APOBEC is family of cellular proteins which inhibis progression of virus after it enters the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which gene and protein of virus acts against this APOBEC

A

Vif gene which encodes for p23 protein acts against APOBEC to maintain virus infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major difference in terms of Genes between HIV 1 and HIV 2

A

HIV 1 contains vpu gene

HIV 2 does not have vpu gene instead it has vpx gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which gene encodes for p24 (core of virus)

A

Gag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which gene encodes for the enzymes Reverese transcriptase and integrase

A

Pol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which gene encodes for gp120

A

Env

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which gene prevents apoptosis of infected CD4 cells

A

Nef

Env, tat and vpr are pro-apoptotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is the most common virus type, HIV1 or HIV 2

A

HIV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which is the most common group of HIV 1 virus

A

M group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the most common subtype or clade of HIV 1

A

M group , C subtype

Also the most common in India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are CRFs in HIV

A

CRF are circulating recombinant factors

2 virus subtype join togather in same individual to form a new subtype or CRF which gives then a selective advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which is the most common CRF in Southeast asia

A

CRF01_AE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which is the most common mode of transmission of HIV world wide

A

Sexual route (Heterosexual) transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Does hepatitis B immunoglobulin transmit HIV

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Does FFP transmit HIV

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which is more infectious, male to female transmission or female to male

A

Male to Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

HIV sexual transmission occurs maximum in late phases, TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

Sexual transmission is more in early phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

OC pills reduces the risk of HIV transmission.. TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

It increases the risk due to changes in the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is risk of HIV, Heptitis B and Hepatitis C transmission after occupational skin puncture contaminated with blood

A

HIV 0.3%
Hepatitis B- 6-30%
Hepatitis C- 1.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Saliva is infectious in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

During which period of time, mother to fetus transmission Is maximum in HIV

A

During delivery (intrapartum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Aminocentesis increase the risk of Mother to child transmission? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Vitamin A deficiency increase the risk of HIV transmission by breast feeding? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What type of cells are specifically depleted by HIV

A

T helper cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is DC-SIGN and what is its role

A

DC- SIGN is C type lecithin receptor located on Dendritic cells which helps it to bind with Gp120 of HIV and helps HIV enter the dendritic cells

35
Q

What is effect of HIV on HLA

A

HIV dowregulates HLA class I molecule
This helps it to evade immunity
Nef protein helps HIV achieve this

36
Q

What are the targets of natural antibodies against HIV

A

The targets are HIV surface proteins Gp120 and Gp41

However HIV has hypervariablity of this enevelope proteins which helps it to evade the antibodies

37
Q

Monocytes are reservoir for HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

38
Q

Which is the mean duration from initial HIV infection to AIDS in an untreated individual

A

10 years

39
Q

What is role of GB-Virus in HIV

A

Patient infected with GB virus C along with HIV have longer Lifespan then those without the infection
It protects from HIV

40
Q

Immune activation is preserved in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

Abberent immune activation is one of the hallmarks of HIV

41
Q

CMV virus upgrades HIV virus? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

Other viruses like Herpes simplex, EBV , HHV , HTLV-1 are also known to do this

42
Q

Malaria increases HIV viral load? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

Malaria and TB increase HIV viral load

43
Q

Which is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV world wide

A

Tuberculosis (Source: Harrison 18th edition)

44
Q

Severity of HIV correlates with severity of CD4 apopotosis? TRUE OR FALSE

A

False
CD4 apoptosis does not correlate with viral level (CD4 count does, but not CD4 apopotosis !)
It reflects the degree of immune activation and not apoptosis

45
Q

What type of auto- Antibodies are seen in HIV

A 
Anti MHC class II autoantibodies are seen in HIV
 	There is a cross reactivity between MHC Class II and envelope antigens of HIV (gp120, gp41)
46
Q

Which two infections are commonly worsened by immune reconstitution in HIV (IRIS)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus

47
Q

Which TNF induces and which suppresses HIV

A

TNF beta- suppresses HIV

TNF alpha- increases HIV

48
Q

Interferon suppress HIV infection, TRUE OR FALSE

A

Interferon alpha and beta suppress HIV

49
Q

Lymphocyte turnover increase in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

50
Q

CCR5 and CXCR4 are seen in which HIV virus strains

A

CCR5- R5 virus
CXCR4- X4 virus
Both ? R5X4 virus

51
Q

What blocks the entry of R5 virus

A

CCL3, 4, and 5 (RANTES and MIP1) blocks R5 virus

52
Q

What blocks X4 virus

A

SDF-1 blocks X4 virus

53
Q

What type of virus predominates in early phases of HIV tramsmission

A

R5 virus predominates in early phases

54
Q

What is the implication if patient has X4 virus

A

There is rapid progression with X4 virus

55
Q

Which Clade does not switch from R5 to X4 (CCR5 to CXXR4)

A

Clade C never switches from R5 to X4

56
Q

Which infects CNS more, R5 or X4

A

R5 virus are implicated in affecting CNS

57
Q

B cells are also affected by HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

False
Untransformed B cells are not affected by HIV
HIV however can activate B cells directly
However in practice, absolute number of B cells are reduced in HIV

58
Q

Monocytes are reduced in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

False
Absolute number of Monocytes are normal
However monocytes are infected by HIV as mentioned earlier

59
Q

NK cells are reduced in HIV? TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

They are normal in number

60
Q

Which two types of cells are most affected in brain in HIV

A

Perivascualr macrophages

Microglial cells

61
Q

Astrocytes enhances HIV replication in brain.. TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

62
Q

Neurons are directly damaged by HIV.. TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

Neurons and Oligodendrocytes are not affected by HIV

63
Q

What Chemokine level in CSF correlates with HIV encephalopathy

A

MCP1 levels in CSF correlates with HIV encephalopathy

64
Q

What is importance of Apo E4 in HIV

A

Individuals with Apo E4 are at higher risk of HIV encephopathy and Peripheral neuropathy

65
Q

What type of cell predominate in Kaposi?s sarcoma

A

Spindle cells

66
Q

Kapsosi?s sarcoma is associated with which virus

A

Human herpes virus 8

67
Q

Antibodies to HIV appear in what time

A

In 6 weeks (22 days)

68
Q

First antibodies are against which protein

A

Gag proteins ? esp p24, p17 and p55

69
Q

LAB DETECTION OF HIV

A

_____

70
Q

By which method can you detect HIV earliest

A

Nucelic acid testing (Source: Harrison 18th edition)

Tests HIV within 12 days of infection

71
Q

What are the window periods for a) antibody b) p24 c) NAT

A

Antibody- 6 weeks (22 days)
P24- 16 days
NAT- 12 days

72
Q

Which method is the best screening test for HIV

A

ELIS A is the best screening test

It has 99.5% sensitivity

73
Q

What is 4th generation ELISA

A

It combines HIV Antibody ELISA with p24 antigen testing

74
Q

Which is the best confirmatory test for HIV

A

Western Blot

75
Q

What is FDA criteria for Positive Western blot

A

2 out of 3 antigens must be positive ? p24, gp120, gp41

76
Q

what is role of p24 capture assay

A

It has role in detection of acute HIV syndrome

77
Q

How many copies of HIV virus are required for detection by commercially available HIV RNA Tests

A

40-80 copies/ml

78
Q

At what CD4 emperically is ART considered

A

CD4 <350 /ul

79
Q

At CD4 <50 which opportunistic infections occur

A

MAC

CMV

80
Q

When is PCP prophylaxis started

A

CD4 <200

81
Q

CD of 200 correletes with CD4 percentage of

A

15%

82
Q

effective therapy for HIV is when HIV RNA falls to _____

A

<50 copies

83
Q

When is HIV trophic testing done

A

It is done for detecting CCR5 when drug Miraviroc is started

It is effect only if patient has CCR5

84
Q

What is role of beta2 microgloblin and IgA levels in HIV

A

They are markers of disease activity in HIV

GENERAL MEDICINE (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions