HIV Flashcards
HIV
what is the principle behind the test kit that we used? explain.
Immunochromatography is a rapid test, qualitative test for detecting such diseases like HIV by dropping the sample containing an analyte onto a test strip.
HIV
is this suitable for early diagnosis of early infection of blood donation screening?
NO it is not suitable. positive samples for this test should be confirmed by a ELISA or Western Blot.
what is the clinical diagnosis of HIV?
detection of antibodies of HIV in human plasma or serum by immunoassay.
HIV
what could be the causes of false positive for this test?
it could be due to reading or interpreting the result outside the time frame. (before 10 mins or after 10 mins)
HIV
why we should not use stored whole whole blood?
for HIV test, whole blood should not if it is stored for more than 3 days since it can cause nonspecific reactions.
HIV
if we will use plasma, what tubes should we used? if serum?
for plasma, heparin, EDTA, and sodium citrate can be used.
for serum, tubes that has no anticoagulant which is the red top.
HIV
what if the patient tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2?
although, it is a rare case but this is possible since there is a homogloy in the amino acid sequence between anti-HAV1 and anti-HAV2. so, for this instance, perform a confirmatory test such as WESTERN BLOT
what if u unintentionally put 2 drops of plasma?
this is could lead an erroneous result so repeat the test.
HIV
the result has no control line. is this valid or not? what could be the reason behind this?
it is NOT VALID so you should repeat the test. the reason for this is the instruction was not followed correctly or the test may be deteriorated.
what if the patient tested negative but the symptoms still persists?
a negative result does not eliminate the possbility of infection with HIV. the specimen may contain low levels of antibodies that cannot be detected by the test kit. so the patient must undergo another testing.
HIV
the patient was tested 3 times in a different hospitals. his results was inconsistent, first 2 was positive and the last was negative. what should he do?
he should undergo a nucleic acid testing immediately or retest after more than 21 days since the original testing.
HIV
what test should be performed for a patient tested positive on a test kit?
HIV viral load test to monitor the amount of HIV virus in the blood and CD4 lymphocyte count to measure how the HIV has already affected the immune system.
HIV
why HIV patients has low immune system and they are very susceptible to infections?
because HIV destroys are our immune system by slowly killing our T helper cells which this the key players of both humoral and cellular response. having HIV would mean that you are very immunosuppressed so tha immune system’s function are very impaired, causing you to become weakend.
HIV
what stage of HIV where the patient could suffer from lesions and rashes?
this stage is called the ARC in which T cells begins to decrease so the patients stars to develop number of infections caused by opportunistic pathogens.
HIV
what is the test that used to stage the severity of the disease?
CD4+ T cell counts this is to check the presence of a variety of opportunistic infections.
remember: without proper CD4 function, this would mean that the patient has low to no immune function at all.
