HIV Flashcards
- HIV-1 is classified as a member of the Lentivirus genus in the
Retroviridae family. Lentiviruses
(A) Contain a DNA genome
(B) Cause tumors in mice
(C) Infect cells of the immune system
(D) Have related sequences endogenous in normal cells
(E) Cause rapidly progressive neurologic disease
(C) Infect cells of the immune system
HIV-1 encodes an envelope glycoprotein, gp120. This protein
(A) Causes membrane fusion
(B) Binds to the viral coreceptor on the cell surface
(C) Is highly conserved among different isolates
(D) Fails to elicit neutralizing antibody
(E) Induces chemokine production
(B) Binds to the viral coreceptor on the cell surface
. HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide epidemic that continues to
expand. The geographic area with the largest number of HIVinfected people after sub-Saharan Africa is
(A) Central and South America and the Caribbean
(B) China
(C) North America
(D) South/Southeast Asia
(E) Eastern Europe and Central Asia
(D) South/Southeast Asia
The typical course of an untreated HIV infection extends over
10 or more years. There is usually a long period (clinical latency)
between the time of primary HIV infection and the development of AIDS. During this period of clinical latency
(A) HIV is not detectable in the plasma.
(B) CD4 cell counts remain unchanged.
(C) Virus replicates at a very low rate.
(D) Virus is present in lymphoid organs.
(E) Neutralizing antibodies are not elicited
D Virus is present in lymphoid organs.
. Viral coinfections occur in HIV-1-infected individuals and
may contribute to morbidity and mortality. The most common
coinfection in HIV-1-positive persons in the United States
involves
(A) Hepatitis C virus
(B) Hepatitis D virus
(C) HIV type 2
(D) Human T-lymphotropic virus
(E) Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus
(A) Hepatitis C virus
. What are the most common symptoms of acute HIV infection?
(A) Rash and sore throat
(B) Fever and malaise
(C) Diarrhea
(D) Jaundice and hepatitis
(E) Neuropsychiatric and behavioral changes
B) Fever and malaise
. A 36-year-old nurse suffered a needlestick with blood from an
HIV-positive patient. Six months later, the nurse’s serum was
positive in an EIA test, gave equivocal results in a repeat EIA
test, and was negative by Western blot. The nurse
(A) Is probably infected with HIV
(B) Is in the window between acute infection with HIV and
seroconversion
(C) Is probably not infected with HIV
(D) May be infected with a drug-resistant strain of HIV
(E) May be a long-term nonprogressor
(C) Is probably not infected with HIV
A 41-year-old HIV-infected male who had refused antiretroviral therapy is diagnosed with P. jiroveci infection. This patient
(A) Probably has a CD4 T-cell count below 200 cells/µL
(B) Is at elevated risk for lung cancer
(C) Is not longer a candidate for HAART
(D) Probably has declining levels of plasma viremia
(E) Is unlikely to develop dementia at this stage
(A) Probably has a CD4 T-cell count below 200 cells/µL
A 48-year-old HIV-positive man with a CD4 count of 40 complains of memory loss to his doctor. Four months later, he
becomes paralyzed and dies. An autopsy reveals demyelination
of many neurons in the brain, and electron microscopy shows
clusters of nonenveloped viral particles in the neurons. The
most likely cause of the disease is
(A) Adenovirus type 12
(B) Coxsackievirus B2
(C) Parvovirus B19
(D) Epstein-Barr virus
(E) JC virus
E) JC virus
- Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy for HIV
infection usually includes a protease inhibitor such as saquinavir. Such a protease inhibitor
(A) Is effective against HIV-1 but not HIV-2
(B) Seldom gives rise to resistant mutants of HIV
(C) Inhibits a late step in virus replication
(D) Degrades the CD4 receptor on cells
(E) Interferes with virus interaction with coreceptor
Inhibits a late step in virus replication
In a person with HIV infection, potentially infectious fluids
include all of the following except
(A) Blood
(B) Saliva visibly contaminated with blood
(C) Urine not visibly contaminated with blood
(D) Genital secretions
(E) Amniotic fluid
C) Urine not visibly contaminated with blood
Of the more than 1 million persons estimated to be living with
HIV in the United States in 2011, how many are thought to be
unaware of their infection?
(A) About 5%
(B) About 10%
(C) About 20%
(D) About 25%
(E) About 30%
(F) About 50%
(C) About 20%
Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct
except
(A) Screening tests for antibodies and nucleic acid are useful to
prevent transmission of HIV through transfused blood.
(B) The opportunistic infections seen in AIDS are primarily
the result of a loss of cell-mediated immunity.
(C) Zidovudine (azidothymidine) inhibits the RNA-dependent
DNA polymerase.
(D) The presence of circulating antibodies that neutralize HIV
is evidence that an individual is protected against HIVinduced disease
D) The presence of circulating antibodies that neutralize HIV
is evidence that an individual is protected against HIVinduced disease.
HAART is less than ideal because
(A) It does not eliminate latent HIV infection.
(B) Its cost is too great for 90% of AIDS sufferers.
(C) It often has severe side effects.
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(D) Some HIV strains are resistant to it.
(E) All of the above.
(E) All of the above.
- Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct
except
(A) The CD4 protein on the T-cell surface is one of the receptors for the virus.
(B) There is appreciable antigenic diversity in the envelope glycoprotein of the virus.
(C) One of the viral genes codes for a protein that augments the
activity of the viral transcriptional promoter.
(D) A major problem with testing for antibody to the virus
is its cross-reactivity with human T-lymphotropic virus
type 1.
(D) A major problem with testing for antibody to the virus
is its cross-reactivity with human T-lymphotropic virus
type 1.
