Hitlers Rise 1919-33 Flashcards
How did hurler join the German workers party
Hitler joined the German workers party in 1919 when he was still in the German army. It was led by anton Drexler
He became known for his talent as a passionate and skilled speaker
DAP began to rely on him to get new party members and in 1920 was made chief of propoganda
What we’re the terms of the NSDAP
In 1920 the party’s was rebranded as the nationalist socialist German workers party. In 1921 hitler was the leader
It thought that the interests of the Germans should be at the centre of government policy
It was anti-Semitic and was opposed to the Weimar republic
What was the 25 point programme
A strong Germany - the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished and all German-speaking people united in one country.
Führer - the idea that there should be a single leader with complete power rather than a democracy.
Social Darwinism - the idea that the Aryan race was superior and Jews were ‘subhuman’.
How did the nazis try to appeal to a lot of different members of society
Socialist:
farmers should be given their land
pensions should improve
Nationalist:
all German-speaking people should be united in one country
the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished
Racist:
Jews should not be German citizens.
Immigration should be stopped.
Fascist:
focused on creating a strong central government
government control of the newspapers
How did nazi membership and growth increase
When Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party he became its 55th member. By the end of 1920 the newly named Nazi Party recorded a membership of 2,000 and during the upheaval of the hyperinflation crisis its membership grew rapidly, to 20,000 by the time of the Munich Putsch in November 1923.
Who were the SA and what was they’re role
A parliamentary force made up of unemployed ex soldiers
Formed in august 1922 by hitler and put under the command of Ernst rohm.
Targeted members of the socialist and communist parties and disrupted political meetings
Also carried out antisemetic attacks
What did hitlers speeches consist of
Criticising the Weimar government
Attacking the TOV
targeting Jewish people as a scapegoat for all of germanys problems
What we’re the short term reasons for the Munich putsch
Hyperinflation
Hitler thought he had support
When Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party he became its 55th member. By the end of 1920 the newly named Nazi Party recorded a membership of 2,000 and during the upheaval of the hyperinflation crisis its membership grew rapidly, to 20,000 by the time of the Munich Putsch in November 1923.
Many Germans were angry at the french and Belgian invasion of the Ruhr in 1923, taking over German businesses . When the government stopped resistance by ending the strike discontent increased
What we’re the medium term reasons of the Munich putsch
Hitler was influenced by Mussolini’s right wing party in Italy-the fascists. Mussolini marched on Rome in 1922 forcing the democratic government to accept him as leader.
What we’re the long term reasons for the Munich putsch
The dolchstoss theory
The treaty of Versailles
Resentment of the Weimar government particularly by the Bavarian government
What we’re the events of the Munich putsch
8th of November- Hitler witj 600 SA entered the beer hall in Munich where the Bavarian government were meeting
At gunpoint Hitler forced government leaders to support him
Rohm took over local police and army headquarters
Ludendorff behind hitlers back let the government leaders go
Events of Munich putsch (3)
9th november 1923-Hitler gathered with 1000 SA and 2000 volunteer supporters and marched on Munich town centre to declare himself President of Germany
The group was met by state police
Someone opened fire and there was chaos
Ludendorff, Rohm and Streicher were arrested
11th november- Hitler found hiding at a friends house and was arrested
What we’re the short term consequences of Munich putsch
In the short term the Munich putsch was unsuccessful for Hitler. He was sentenced to 5 years in prison
The Nazi party was banned, and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until 1927
How were the long term consequences of the putsch more positive
He was sentenced in April and out of prison by December. During his time in the comfortable Landsberg Prison, he wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ – a propaganda book setting out Nazi beliefs. Millions of Germans read it, and Hitler’s ideas became very well-known. It outlined his political ideologies and in particular his antisemistic views on Jews
Hitler realised that he would never come to power by revolution and that he would have to use democratic means, so he reorganised the party to enable it to take part in elections
The fact that the judge had been so lenient with the sentence and that Hitler had served so little time suggests that some people in authority had sympathy with Hitler and what he had tried to do.
What we’re the statistics of nazis trying to win seats in the resichstag
May 1924-32.
Dec 1924-14
May 1928-12
Total seats in reichstag ranged from 472 to 493
How did mein kampf infulence the German people
The belief that the Jews were an inferior race to the German Aryans, and also represented a threat to the German state.
The need to destroy the parliamentary system of government and replace it with that of a single, strong dictator.
Germany’s requirement for Lebensraum, or living space, to house its growing population. This required Germany to expand to the East into Poland and Russia.
How did the Bamberg conference in 1926 influence German people
Hitler called a special Nazi Party conference on 14 February 1926 at Bamberg in southern Germany in response to tension between the northern and southern sections of the party. During his time in jail disagreements had grown between the two sections:
the northern section, led by a man named Gregor Strasser, was keen to emphasise the socialist elements of the 25-Point Programme to attract support from the workers
the southern section more interested in the nationalist and racist policies in order to attract support from the middle classes and farmers
What was the result of the Bamberg conference in 1926
Hitler insisted that policies which could be painted as communist, such as taking land from rich noblemen, would not be pursued.
However, the conference did reaffirm the 25-Point Programme, with its socialist ideas, as the party’s policy platform.
In addition, Hitler established the Fuhrerprinzip, or ‘Leader Principle’, the idea that the party’s leader was in absolute control and all members must follow his directions. No dissent from this was expected or tolerated.
Hitler won over some of his rivals such as Goebbels and party membership grew from 27000 to 100000
How did the Wall Street crash lead to economic depression
October 1929-the Wall Street crash on the US stock exchange brought about a global economic depression
In Europe Germany was the most affected because American banks called in all of their foreign loans at very short notice
These loans agreed under the Dawes plan in 1924 were the basis for Germanys economic recovery from the disaster of hyperinflation.
. The loans funded German industry and helped to pay reparations. Without these loans German industry collapsed and a depression began:
What were the consequences of the Wall Street crash
This caused an enourmous rise in unemployment
Over the winter of 1929-1930 the number of unemployed rose from 1.4 million to over 2 million
By the time Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, one in three Germans were unemployed, with the figure hitting 6.1 million. Industrial production had also more than halved over the same period
By the time Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, one in three Germans were unemployed, with the figure hitting 6.1 million. Industrial production had also more than halved over the same period
What was the impact of unemployment
The rise in unemployment significantly raised government expenditure on unemployment insurance and other benefits.
Germans began to lose faith in democracy and looked to extreme parties on both the Left (the communists) and the Right (the Nazis) for quick and simple solutions.
What was the appeal towards hitler
He was a strong leader
His image appeared on most publicity material
He travelled around the country giving speeches and talking on the radio
The party adopted modern technology
How did political failure increase popularity for the nazis
In March 1930 the German Chancellor, Hermann Müller, resigned when his government could not agree on how to tackle the rise in government spending caused by the rise in unemployment. He was replaced by Heinrich Brüning. His policies were ineffective in dealing with the unemployment crisis and further undermined Germans’ faith in democracy:
Political failure (2)
In July 1930 Chancellor Brüning cut government expenditure, wages and unemployment pay. This added to the spiral of decline and unemployment continued to rise, as well as making those who had lost their jobs even poorer.
However, Brüning could not get the Reichstag to agree to his actions, so President Hindenburg used Article 48 of the Weimar constitution, which gave the President the power to pass laws by decree, to govern. This undermined democracy and weakened the power of the Reichstag – arguably opening the way for Hitler’s later dictatorship.
