Hitler's rise to power - 1919-33 Flashcards
when did Hitler join the German Worker’s Party
January 1919
What position was Hitler given in the party - when?
chief of propaganda - in 1920
The German Worker’s Party’s name was changed to what?
National Socialist german Worker’s party (NSDAP/Nazi’s) in 1920
when did Hitler become leader of the Nazis?
in July 1921
when did the ‘Twenty-Five Point Programme’ come out?
what did it say?
Feb 1920:
it stresses the superiority of the German race, and was anti-semitic (all German-speakers united & only german blooded people are citizens)
they wanted to raise pensions, improve education and health (but only for ‘German’s’)
they hated the ToV (should be abolshed), promoting German greatness
when were the SA founded? what were they? how were they recieved?
in 1921, they were Hitler’s own party militia
they were political thugs, carried out violent anti-semitic attacks; intimidated rivals
they were frightening to people, but some admired the SA
why did Hitler thing it was the right time for the Munich Putsch?
in 1923, things were going badly for Germnay (weak) - hyperinflation at a peak and there were food riots
many Germans angry at French invasion at Ruhr
what was the plan/aim of the Munich putsch?
to win support of Bavarian leaders (largest German state) + overthrown Weimar government
He planned to storm a beer hall where Gustav von Kahr (leader of Bavarian gov.), Otto von Lossow (head of German army in Bavaria) and Hnas Ritter von Seisser (head of Bavarian police) were holding a meeting. And win their support.
what happened during the Munich Putsch?
on the 8th November 1923, Hitler stormed the beer hall with 600 SA.
He forced the 3 leaders at gunpoint to support him.
They reluctantly agreed.
Hitler announced that the revolution had begun.
The next day as Hitler readied to attack it became clear that Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had withdrawn support and Ludendorff had let them go
He still marched on Munich, but news of the revolt had leaked to the police who ambushed them and shot and arrested Hitler.
positive outcomes of Munich Putsch for Hitler?
used his trial for publicity - in May 1924 election Nazi’s won 32 seats;
realised he needed to manipulate democracy and not use force - needed nationwide support;
wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ in prison - inspiration
negative outcomes of Munich Putsch
NSDAP banned
humiliating
prison sentence for Hitler and 3 others for treason (5yrs) - but he was out in 9 months
Hitler was injured and in prison the Nazi’s lacked a leader
how many SA were with him?
when he attacked Munich he had 1000 SA and 2000 ‘volunteers’ - they were paid with jewellery goods from Jewish businesses
which famous army official supported him?
Ludendorff - famous German general
when was Hitler released?
20th December 1924
when was the Nazi party relaunched?
27th Feb 1925
How was the party arranged?
like a mini-state Hitler as the leader and with departments
by 1930 how many in the SA
400,000
in 1925 what did Hitler do to tighten control on security?
replaced Rohm as leader of SA
set up the SS (private bodyguards) run by Heinrich Himmler
by 1930 how many members did the SS have?
3,000
from 1923-29 what were the reasons for limited support of the Nazi party?
- Germany was doing well economically - SDP won 30% of votes in 1928
- Germany had more status in the world (joined the league of nations)
- Hindenburg became president in 1926, he was a war-hero = increase in support of Weimar republic
in 1928 how many voted did the NSDAP win in Berlin and in the Ruhr?
1%
when was the Wall Street Crash?
October 1929
withing a week how much money did investors lose?
£4,000 million
why did many in Germany lose their savings?
in 1929 the German Civil Servant bank went bust
in 1933 how many were unemployed?
6 million workers
in 1932 real wages were what of 1928 levels?
70%
what did poverty lead to in Berlin?
24% increase in arrest of thieves
in 1931 and 32 how many times did Bruning use article 48?
31 - 44 times
32 - 66 times
as he couldn’t get his policies passed in parliament
when did bruning resign
May 1932
From 28-32 how many seats did the NSDAP increase by?
218
how many votes did the communists grow by?
over 1 million
when did the Nazis become the largest party
1932 with 230 seats
in 1932 when Hitler ran against Hindenburg for the presidency how many did he lose by
6 million votes
in May 32 who replaced Bruning
Franz von Papen
when did parliament express no confidence in Von Papen? what did he do?
September 32, he called an election and lost 10 seats
who did Hindenburg replace Papen with?
why not someone else?
army general Kurt von Schleicher,
Hindenburg was scared of a left wing majority forming (SDP and communists) and didn’t want Hitler
how long did Schleicher last
57 days
when did Hitler become Chancellor?
January 30th 1933
