Hisusa

Question 1

Peopling of the western hemisphere

Answer 1

Theory: ancient people over the land bridge(Bering straite siberia +alaska) dissapeared replaced by native Americans Year debated aprx 50,000 years ago
people motivated by wanderlust; food climate or religous freedom.
Settled along 11,000 mile stretch about 3000 E to W
Diverse culture
300 lang( pict+signs+ smoke sig)
North of present day mexico
Aztecs had a written language in the south.
Formed tribes ruled by council of elders. Society clam orientated and communal.
Agriculture economy, hunting and gathering.
1000AD vikings landed in the new world.but no permanant settlements.

Question 2

Impact of the crusades

Answer 2

after traveling to the east and experiencing different cultures (new tastes ideas demands for food)
the europeans Developed new trade routes, urban development, the printing press + this encourages people to seek new trade routs and new worlds

Question 3

the colonial period

the spanish

Answer 3

The age of spanish exporation 1500s

a. Chris C wanted to reach the orient faster(not around africa) 3 ships Finance by queen isabella and Ferdinand King of Aragon
b. the Spanish landed on San slavador currently bahammas thought it was india.
c. 1565 St. Augustine first permanat Euro settlement (now FL) Spain Longest colonial presnce 3 Centuries longer than Eng and France
d. the spanish settlements never flourished bc of gold lust and the lack of a viable market economy

Question 4

other explorers

Answer 4

amerigo vespucci, hernan cortes, francisco pizarro ferdinand magelleon, john cabot

Question 5

the colonial period

the portuguese

Answer 5

clashed with spain over exploration rights which lead to the treaty of tordedsillas:1494 a line west of the canary islands to the west was spain to the east belonged to protugal.

Question 6

the colonial period

the french

Answer 6

the french began exporation of the new worldin 1534

a. jacques cartier searched fo r a Nw passage leading to the indies failed but claimed the eastrn half of canada and a slice of the land between the appalachian moutains and the missispi river
b. Samuel de champlain explored the st. lawrance river area and founded thte cities of quebec and montreal

Question 7

the colonial period

the English beginning 17th

Answer 7

a.Latecomers looking for a new way of living religous reasons, profit. over population wool industrty boomming
b. James I allowed the company to develop land from the coastline westward to the Pacific; to settle the south part of the new worl
d= 1606/1607 ‘jamestown virginia
Hc. first group english merchants(London company) immitating the spanish looking for gold raw materials
d. second group sepratist/pilgrims wanted to seperate from the church of England. 1620 plymoth; signed mayflower compact

Question 8

The mayflower compact

Answer 8

1. a political statement
2. signed by 41 out of 44
3. reason outside of london group control
4. agreed to submit to authorityof a government
5. depended on te consent of affected indivisuals
6. would shape other agreements like constitution

Question 9

The french and indian war

Answer 9

a. late 17th hundred year was started over rivalry for american land.
b. greatest conflict between britain and france in north america
c. 1753-1763 ended with english victory ( treaty of paris 1763)britain took all french possesion east of the mississippi (except new orleans and spanish florida)
d. The spanish eventually evacuated to cuba and mexico selling property to english cheap.

Question 10

13 colonies

Answer 10

(1.New Hampshire; 2.Massachusetts; 3.Rhode Island; 4.Connecticut); Middle (5.New York; 6.New Jersey; 7.Pennsylvania; 8.Delaware); Southern (9.Maryland; 10.Virginia; 11North Carolina; 12..South Carolina; and 13.Georgia)

Question 11

3 colonial governments

Answer 11

Royal: Direct control of king

proprietor: owned by a person
corporation: a royal charter
a. Each colony have a govenor who represented the king, proprietor or corporation
b. they were expected to enforce all the English laws passed by parliment or privy council

Question 12

the colonial areas according to climate and soil and trade:

Answer 12

New England: ship building
Middle colonies: faming/commerce
Southern colonies: tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo

Question 13

what led to the war of independence

Answer 13

tension between the crown and colonies rose because of:
a.To proclamation of 1763
b. the quartering act: mandatory supporting troups
c. the stamp act; tax on legal Docs
d. The sugar act: tax on luxury goods
Declaration of rights and grievances passed
The crown repealed the stamp act but passed the declaratory act: full power and authority to bind the colonies and people of America to the crown.GB Ignored by colonists
e. boston tea party: colonist dressed as indians dumped tea(342ch) into the harbor. george III( the die is cast submit of triumph) took it as a provocation
f.gov. pass Coercive laws: intolerable acts; port closed until money is paid for tea. meeting prohibited.

Question 14

British problems after the french and indian war

Answer 14

a. how to manage and defend new land?
b. how to pay war debt?
c. how to handle native american?
d. how can colonies help?

Question 15

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 15

forbade colonist from settling west of the appalation mountans as a result of the indian revolts. it was meant to passify the tirbes,, this infuriated the colonists it was an attack on their freedom.

Question 16

john dickens of penn

Answer 16

letters from an American Farmer:

taxed wothout consent are slaves

Question 17

the tea tax:

Answer 17

The Tea Act, passed by Parliament on May 10, 1773, granted the British East India Company Tea a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies. This was what ultimately compelled a group of Sons of Liberty members on the night of December 16, 1773 to disguise themselves as Mohawk Indians, board three ships moored in Boston Harbor, and destroy over 92,000 pounds of tea.

Question 18

Thomas jefferson

Answer 18

a. leading sopkesman for colonial rights

b. a summary view of the rights of british America: defending the BteaParty; deperate people stuggling for basic rights.

Question 19

the First Continental congress

Answer 19

1774 covened in carpenters hall philadelphis:demanded
repeal of intolerable acts and all taxes of parliment.
a.sanctions: non import of British goods st. dec 1st 1774
non export of Americ goods st.sept 1 1775
b.adopted declaration by J adams affirming the rights of colonists life liberty and property and condemed parliment as unconstitutional dangerous and destructive.

Question 20

Indepence war 1775-1783

Answer 20

1775 Second continental congress: raised an army apppointed General George Washington to command
issued a currencey and opened negotioations with foriegn powers for support.

Question 21

declaration of independence july 4th 1776

Answer 21

declared independence of the 13 colonies
signed by John hancock president og continental congress
written by jefferson & adams committee
father of Declaration= jefferson

Question 22

Articles of the confederation

Answer 22

a. a predecessor of the the constitution
b. by john dickinson f penn
c. proposed a confederation of states not of people
d. declared the joining of several states in a perpetual union a firm league of friendship
e. states would remain soverien free and independent.

Question 23

treaty of Paris Sep 3 1783

Answer 23

1783 britain and states sign the treaty of paris recognizing us independence: bouneries from the atlantic ocean to mississippi river and from the 45 parrallel to the south of main and the great lakes in the north

Question 24

The constitution sept 17, 1787

Answer 24

spetember 7th 1787 the constitution replaced the aricles of confederacy:
a control by the people
c. a republican gov which people couldchoose its own reps to make decisions for them
d.seperation of powers
c. a federal system of specific rights of each state
father of constitution james madison

Question 25

building an identity

Answer 25

a.declaration of independence
b. the constitution
c. quasy war(extortion attempt)
d. Alien naturalization act residence requirment for nat. form 5-15 years
c. sedittion act punishment for
publishing false,malicious claims againt gov.
d revolution of 1800 won by jefferson “ we are all repubs and federalist” jeff tried to bridge the devide between repubs and feds
e. lousianna purchase/ altered the shape of the nation

Question 26

Revolution of 1800

Answer 26

a. won by tom jeffereson rep “ we are all repubs and federalist”
b political contest
c result = transfer of power to republicans who were anti-federalists
d. Jefferson tried to bridge the devide between repubs and federalists

Question 27

louisiana purchase

Answer 27

a.altered the shape of the nation and changed history
b.jeffa plans for expansion
c.bought louisiana for 15million from napolean
d victory for states (almost doubled land)
e. political and economical victory.

Question 28

Jefferson

Answer 28

first term: marked by louisiana purchase
second term: seen as failure: restriction on am commerce with foreign companies
led to war of 1812-1815 second independence war/anglo american war
battle of new orleans couple day america vs great britain vict america ( deomonstrated the will and ability to defend independence}

Question 29

1829 Pres Andrew jackson (one of most controversial)

First half of 19th century

Answer 29

a. 7th pres after G.W, Tom jeff, J.madison J.monroe J.Q.adams
b. common man both parrents died before 16(father before birth}
c. self made man boren in hardship/poverty
d. was supposed to be the age of the common man but: didnt produce economic and social equality, power remained in the hands of the elite.
e. jacksonian democracy was for white males only didnt apply women indians and Black males

Question 30

Jackson reform program

Answer 30

proposed:

a. A constitutional admendment, to rplace toe elctoral system with populatr vote
b. rotation in office
c. tariff of 1828 (tariff of abominations)leading to the nullification crisis in 1832
d. conflict with second Bank of the united states- panic of 1837
e. indian removal act, relocation of indians, trail of tears

Question 31

America with two faces:

Answer 31

a.profound transformation or political, social and economic life. in 1815 and 1850expansion to the pacific coast in order to fufil their providential destiny.
an array of workers from trappers and farmers to prostitues headed west seeking fortune
b. two americas- ideals of freedom and eqaulity existence of a growing class of black slaves.
c. manifest destiny: americans proud; settled fought for independence, then defended it; constitution the felt like they were desitined to to start their life and can conquer the new world and bring democracy

Question 32

Alex de torqueville

Answer 32

a. introduced american exeptionalism

Question 33

Mexican-American War 1846-1846 (deadliest war in american history)

Answer 33

a. dispute over the borders of texas after the annexation of texas in 1845
b. dispute whether texas ended at the nucces river(mex claim) or the rio grands(us claim)
c. treaty of guadalupe hidalgo signed 1848 united states aquired more than 500,000 sq miles of mexican territory from rio grand to the pacific ocean;55% of mexicos territory(arizona,california, new mexico and texas also parts of colorado nevada and utah)
d. texas became the 28th state after J.Polk took office
e. debate erupted over slavery mexico was anti slavery the debate cuminated into a civil war

Question 34

The wilmot provision

Answer 34

david wilmot delivered a provatcative speech to have slavery in texas but not the newly aquired territories
‘“god forbid that we should be the means of planting this institution upon it”
this infuriated the southerns and they threatened secession

Question 35

Slavery

Answer 35

a. one of the fastet frowing elements of american life during the first half of the 19th century it was a profitable institution.
b. critisism of slavery developed in the north and the south in the decades after the revolution
c. 1830s antislavery movement called for the abolition of slavery everywhere
d. frederick douglass was a high ranking ex slave and advocate for the end of slavery

Question 36

The california gold rush/ tensions rising between the N and S

Answer 36

a. gold was discovered in the sierra nevad in the sacrementol valley sparking a mass migration (49ers)
b. congress meeting 1849: tension rising between north and south (each accusing each other if intolerable acts) which was a threat to the union

Question 37

the compromise of 1850

Answer 37

1. greatest and most important legal acts /postponed success and civil war
   2.. rise of A. lincoln and northern industrialism
2. californian enters union as a free state
   4.texas new mexico act set texas boundary/utah territory set up
   5.fugitive slave act: catching runaway slaves is under federal jurisdiction
   6 slave trade abolished but not slavery

Question 38

Kansas Nebrask act 1854: a major step towards civil war

Answer 38

a.Douglass had the idea of creating two new territories
b proposed the principle of popular soverignity(vote for legality of slavery) violence erupted in kansas between slavers and anti slavers- prelude to the Civil war

Question 39

Civil war: 1861-1865

Answer 39

a.started:April 12, 1861 fort sumpter s. carolona
the confederate congress chose Richmond Virg. an new capitol
b. union 23 states 22 mil(including border slave states
c. Confederacy 11 states 9mil
d. norths advantage industrial development / transportation/south confederacy: geo location and more expierienced military leaders
e. 1860new american president Lincoln (abhorred slavery but was not an abolitionist/promised not to interfere with slavery;didnt want to extend slavery and thought it would die naturally, his election caused 11 souther states to succeed from the union
f. 1863emancipation procclimation: all slaves in rebellios states declared free
g. general ulysses grant union com accepted gen robert lees surrender at appomattox court house in virginia april 9th 1865
h.1865 13th amendment to the us constitution: officially ablolished slavery

Question 40

succession

Answer 40

over slavery dispute, and election of lincoln
started in south carolina first dec 20th 1860 then mississsippi, florida, alabama georgia, louisianna, texas virginia arkansaw north carolina and tennessee

Question 41

Reconstruction and the Gilded age

Answer 41

a. 620,000 died in the civil war as well as the destruction of the southern economy
b. 4 million slaves were freed after the ratification of the 13th amendment.
c. there was a task to reunite and reconstruct the south
questions: confederate soldiers tried for treason? How to form new governments? Who will pay for rebuild? what to do with slaves

Question 42

Post war south

Answer 42

property destroyed
paper money useless
railroads damaged
cotton seized
planters destitue and homeless many migrated away Eur/can/mex
freed slaves suffered no money property or freindslegally free but socially bound

Question 43

era of reconstrauction

Answer 43

a. whites intimidated black
b. blacks freed but not protected against abuse and exploitation
c. 1865 bureau of refugees, freedmen and abandoned lands

Question 44

the battle of reconstruction

Answer 44

two sides:
a. A. Lincoln proclamation of amestry and reconstruction: any rebel state can form a union gov after taking an oath of alegiance this excluded former officers of the state example military officer, judges diplomats etc..

Question 45

assasination of lincon: led to the rather uneducated bigoted andrew johnson 1865-1869

Answer 45

a. adopted lincolns plans
b. recognized est. govs, issued 2 proclomations to appoint governers of remaining south states to nullify succession ordinaces and perudiate debt and ratify the 13th admendment.
c. doubted blacks could qualify for citenzenship agreed on racial discrimination
d. prefererd the word restore to reconstruction
e. infurriated congress and lost support: ongress established joint comitee of 15 on reconstruction: to report on whether the rebel states should be represented in congress
f. 1865 a new proclamation of amenesty including the wealthy land owners to the people lincold excluded. believed those weathy businessmen led the south to succeed.

Question 46

Southern whites reaction to freed slaves: black codes

Answer 46

a. black codes defining the condition of freedom in ways to keep them bound to the land.
b. itshowed they wanted to preserve slavery
ex slaves were not free men but free negros
c. Led to civil rights act of 1866: all persons born in the us are citezens entitled to full and equal benefit of all laws
the national gov had the right to protects citezens not the states.

Question 47

admendments to the constitution

Answer 47

a. 13th abolished slavery
b. . 14th admen. to remove all doubt of the new civil rights act it defined citenzenship including black males. introducing the word male. only tennessee ratified then congress made it mandatory for readmission to the union.
b. 15th prohibited the governments form denying the right to vote based on race and color. but the southern would use other non forbiden ways to limit voting and white rule such as… literacy, education and property tests.

Question 48

Congress fighting racism

Answer 48

a. 3 enforcment acts 1870-1871
the first 2 outlawed to use of force and intimidation
the 3rd empowered the use of military to protect black voters
b. the civil rights act of 1875: prohinitted racial discrimination at public acommodations

Question 49

The Gilded Age

Answer 49

a. years after civil war
b. -industrializatiomn of the country railroads, protective tariff
c. bribery, conspiracey, conflicts of interest, balckmail
d. industrialization and reconstruction happened at the same time.
e. new pres ulysses grant tenior marred by scandals
southern resistance violent, klu klux blan first organized in 1866

Question 50

The new south

Answer 50

a.admired plantation life
b. imposed their will on blacks: segregation, jim crow, Voting barring
c.

Question 51

manifest destiny

Answer 51

a. belief the people were destined to find the new world and spread freedom and democracy
b. the indepence war
c. constitution
d. expansion

Question 52

The progressive era (1900-1917)

Answer 52

a. in response to social changes
b. wanted greater more honest democracy in contrast to the then abuse of political bosses and coporate barons
c. effort to use gov as an agency of welfare( heart of movement)
d. roosevelt: stressed need for a new apporach; expanded pres role,ahotrity and scope of gov

Question 53

Roaring twenties

Answer 53

a1.successful years and decades not affectecd by wwi
lived comfortly
a2. most americans lived in or near cities
b worked in factories or offices
c. 18th admendmment rattified 1919 alchohol prohibition (sale/making)
d. admendment rattified 1920 women’s voting rights
e. smooth hawley tariff( the tariff act of 1930) rasies import taxes on agricultural to 45% except sugar cotton and citris fruits

Question 54

the great depression

Answer 54

a. 1929 stock marked crash 10.29 1929 black tuesday
b. production declined
c. unemployment rose/personal income cut in half
e. farmers suffered/foreclose
f. more than 9000 banks closed
g. factiories and mines shut down
h. 1/3 of invome went to 5% of the population

Question 55

reasons for the gread depression

Answer 55

a. tariff of 1930
b. stock market failure
c. buying reduction
d drought conditions/missi valley 1930
e. bank failures

Question 56

Franklin delano roosevelt

Answer 56

first  new deal:outlined a program of social and economic reform
a. reviving the economy
b. relieving human misery
c.rescuing farmers
decentralize government

second new deal: 
a. social security act
b. national labor relations act
c. works progress administration 
helped but didnt solve the problem

Question 57

hoover vs roosevelt

Answer 57

hoover resited iuisng the federal gov to aid unemployed and homeless while roosevelt was more flexible and tried to help

Question 58

WWI

Answer 58

a. hitler forced Anschluss (union of Austria and germany 1938 6months later took the german part of czechoslovakia
b. sept germany invaded poland WWII starts
c. Usa tried to stay out of it 1945( 5 nuetrality laws)
d.after the german occupation of czechoslovakia and the british need (lend lease act)
atlantic charter passed 1941 and pearl harbor(1941) usa entered the war.
e. put and end to the great depression with employment rise
f. fdr died 1945

Question 59

Trail of tears

Answer 59

Indian removal act 1832: natives considered threat (creek1812) they needed to be located to a place where they could do no harm; unless removed exterminated by whites for land; provided funds to neg with and relocate tribes to what is now Oklahoma; (Cherokee fought in vain)trail of tears misery and death 18,000 Indians removed 4,000 died along the way.