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Histopathology > Histotechnique by DOC LANGCAMON > Flashcards

Histotechnique by DOC LANGCAMON Flashcards

1
Q

3 major classification of staining

A
  1. Histological Staining
  2. Histochemical staining
  3. Immunohistochemical staining
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2
Q

tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing colors of the active tissue component

A

Histological staining

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3
Q

Examples of histological staining

A

Microanatomical
Bacterial
Specific tissue stain

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4
Q

Used to demonstrate general relationship of tissues and cells with differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Histological staining

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5
Q

serves a substrate upon which the enzymes act and where the final coloration is peoduced

A

Active staining reagent

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6
Q

Tissue components identified in histochemical staining and give examples of the stain used

A

Calcium
Bile pigments
Biopolymers
Specific enzymes- oxidase, peroxidase, dehydrogenase, diaphorase, hydrolase, lyase

Perls Prussian blue
Periodic Acid Schiff

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7
Q

Demonstrates ferric iron in tissues

A

Perls Prussian Blue

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8
Q

Uses a wide range of monoclonal, polyclonal fluorescent labeled or enzyme labeled antibodies based on antigen-antibody bindings

A

Immunohistochemal staining

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9
Q

Antibody most frequently originate from

A

Mice

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10
Q

Fixative for IHC:
Maximum___ neutral buffered formaldehyde solution
Maximum___hours fixation time

A

•4%
•48 hours

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11
Q

Example of simple staining/ direct staining

A

Methylene blue and eosin

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12
Q

serve as a link or bridge to make staining reaction possible

A

Mordant

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13
Q

no washing/ differentiation/ decolorization in between is required; solely relies on the selective affinity of dyes

A

Progressive staining

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14
Q

The tissue is over-stained and excess dye is then removed until desired intensity is obtained

A

Regressive staining

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15
Q

Example of regressive staining

A

AFB/ GRAM STAINING

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16
Q

2 examples of accentuator

A

Potassium hydroxide (loefflers methylene blue) and Phenol (carbolfuschin)

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17
Q

2 principles of regressive staining

A

•OVERSTAINING

•WASHING, DIFFERENTIATION, DECOLORIZATION

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18
Q

Use of specific dyes that stains tissues with a color that is different from that of the stain color itself

A

Metachromatic staining

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19
Q

Metachromatic staining is used for staining of: (5)

A

CECAM
•Cartilage
•Epithelial mucins
•Connective tissue
•Amyloid
•Mast Cell granules

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20
Q

Basic dyes belonging to Thizine and triphenylmethane groups

A

Metachromatic dye

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21
Q

One example of metachromatic dye

A

Cresyl blue for reticulytes

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22
Q

Applying different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural components to visualized

A

Counterstaining

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23
Q

One example of counterstaining

A

EOSIN- CYTOPLASM

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24
Q

Selective staining of living cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle

A

Vital staining

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25
Q

2 Examples of vital staining

A

Trypan blue- RES
Janus Green B- true vital staining of mitochondria

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26
Q

Injecting dye into any part of animal body either intravenous,intra peritoneal, intramuscular or subcutaneous producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the RES

A

INTRAVITAL STAINING

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27
Q

Common dyes user for intravital staining (3):

A

•CARMINE
•INDIA INK
•LITHIUM

28
Q

Stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body

A

Supravital staining

29
Q

One example of Supravital staining

A

Neutral red- the best vital dye

30
Q

Use of heavy metals which are precipitated with selectivity of certain cellular and tissue componnta

A

Metallic impregnation

31
Q

2 examples of metallic impregnation

A

Silver Nitrate and Osmium tetroxide

32
Q

Differs from staining cause it consists of an opaque black particulate

A

Metallic impregnation

33
Q

Dye obtained from plants and animals previously utilized for dyeing of wool and cotton

A

Natural dyes

34
Q

4 examples of Natural dyes

A

HOCS
Hematoxylin
Orcein
Cochineal
Saffron

35
Q

Most important and commonly used for routine histologic studies

A

Hematoxylin

36
Q

_______ a dye extracted from lichens which are normally colorless, but when treated with _____ and expose to _____, produce ___ or ____ colors. Mainly used for _____ fibers

A

Orcein, ammonia, air, blue, violet, elastic

37
Q

An old histologic dye extracted from the female cochineal bug

A

Cochineal

38
Q

Cochineal bug is also named as?

A

Coccus cacti

39
Q

A plant with orange stigmas yielding a dye

A

Saffron

40
Q

Known as “coal tar dyes”

A

Synthetic dyes

41
Q

Derived from hydrocarbon benzene and are collectively known as aniline dyes

A

Synthetic dyes

42
Q

A Greek word meaning color-bearers which means a substance that is capable of producing visible color

A

Chromophores

43
Q

A Greek word meaning “color increaser”

A

Auxochrome

44
Q

For chromogen to be a dye it must be composed of an ___ and ____

A

Acid; base

45
Q

The coloring property is attributed to the _______ and the dyeing property to the salt forming _____

A

Chromophore; Auxochrome

46
Q

If the dye is a basic one, the differentiation is carried out by an ______ solution

An _____ medium is used for differentiation after an acid dye

A

Acid; alkaline

47
Q

________ is a natural dye extracted from the core of heartwood of the tree, __________

A

Hematoxylin; haematoxylon campechianum

48
Q

Formed by oxidation of hematoxylin

A

Hematin

49
Q

The complex of stain and mordant is called _____

A

Lake

50
Q

7 examples of Mordant

A

•Aluminum
•chromium
•copper
•tungsten/phosphotungstic acid (PTAH)
•Iron
•Aluminum/ alum salts
•Ferric salt

51
Q

Most commonly used mordant giving a blue lake reaction

A

Aluminum/ aluminum salts

52
Q

Causes an intense blue-black when use as a mordant

A

Ferric salt

53
Q

Routinely used as a background or contrast stain because it gives a pleasing and useful contrast to nuclear stains such as hematoxylin

A

EOSIN

54
Q

Most common eosin stain

A

Eosin Y

55
Q

A specialized fixative used in frozen section serves to localize antigens and hydrolytic enzymes also used for preservation of lipids

A

Formol calcium

56
Q

Similar with H&E staining but the differentiation stage is omitted; a progressive form of staining

A

Modified H&E technique

57
Q

Color reaction:
Cytoplasm and proteins in edema fluid

A

Pale pink

58
Q

Color reaction:
Decalcified bone, osteoid, collagen

A

Pink

59
Q

Color reaction:
Muscle fibers

A

Deep pink

60
Q

Color reaction:
RBCs
Eosinophil granules

A

Bright orange to red

61
Q

Calcium and calcified bones

A

Purplish blue

62
Q

Color reaction:
Plasma cells, osteoblast, basophilic cytoplasm

A

Purplish pink

63
Q

Color reaction:
Karyosome

A

Dark blue

64
Q

Color reaction:
Nucleus

A

Blue to blue-black

65
Q

Color reaction:
Cartilage

A

Light blue to dark blue

Histopathology (1 decks)

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