History Year 7 Flashcards
What is a Century?
100 years
What is a decade?
10 years
What is a period in history?
Separate divisions of time
ACE (AD)
After Common Era or Anno Domini
BCE (BC)
Before Common Era or Before Christ
What is a millennium?
1000 years
Give a time line of migrants to Britain starting in c2500 BCE
Beaker people
Centric tribes
Roman invasion (unsuccessful)
Birth of Christ
Roman invasion
Anglo-Saxon Britain
Viking invasion
Battle of Hastings
What does chronology mean?
Putting events into time order
Timelines are good in history because…
They help shoe the bigger picture
What/who are the GRT people?
Gypsy, Roma, Travellers
They have a nomadic lifestyle. Now protected under law as at risk of discrimination, social exclusion
Where is the Bayeux tapestry today?
Norman town of Bayeux
What is the size of the Bayeux tapestry?
70m by 50cm
What language is the Bayeux tapestry in?
Latin
What was the organisation of the suffragists?
NUWSS - National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies
Fawcett
What was the organisation of the suffragettes?
WSPU - Women’s Social and Political
Pankhurst
Why were suffragists more successful?
Not arrested
Differences between Normans and Anglo Saxons?
Anglo Saxons ruled by a King, well organised government, rich. Edward the Confessor, then Harold Godwinson
Normans ruled by a Duke, William who became William the Conqueror. They were from Normandy in Northern France. Originally from Scandinavia and settled in Italy and N France. Known for fighting skills
Why did William invade?
William believed he had a right, wanted to be richer. King more respected than a Duke. To get recognition from other kingdoms. Just across the English Channel.
Why did Harold lose?
On foot, couldn’t control men. Should have stayed in London to collect more troops. Only housecarls we’re well trained. Shield wall broken
Why did William win?
Blessing from Pope convinced them god on their side.
Wind changed favourably.
Rumour that he died so he raised helmet and they carried on.
When he arrived Harold was fighting Vikings at Battle of Stamford Bridge
Why did William change the feudal system?
He wanted full control over country and rebels
Why did William change the feudal system?
He wanted full control over country and rebels
What is the feudal system?
People were given land and protection by people of higher rank and worked and fought for them in return.
King
Nobility
Knights
Peasants
What type of castles did Normans build?
Motte and Bailey -
Motte is hill on which the keep is built
Bailey at the bottom where the houses and workshops are
Surrounded by a moat or ditch
Pallasides surround the keep and buildings
What was bad about motte and Bailey?
Can be burnt
Rots over time
Visible to get to the castle
Easy to break
Easy to breach
Most could overflow
What was good about Motte and Bailey?
Quick and easy to build
Fast protection
Not much material needed
Stable even if rushed
Easy to transport
High up
Why was Thomas Beckett murdered?
Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury
Quickly took job seriously and didn’t let Henry take control of church courts
Beckett expelled Henry’s friend from position in church
Beckett ran away to France
Henry and Beckett made up
Beckett returned and removed lots of bishops
Henry felt betrayed, knights overhead rage and thought Henry would be pleased if Beckett was murdered
Henry didn’t want that and tried to stop the knights but it was too late
Henry forced to apologise and whipped by monks
Beckett was made a saint
King kept power to choose bishops
How did King John lose power?
John had tried to take the throne from his brother Richard Lionheart when he was fighting in crusade
John made peace with Richard and became king when he died
John spent most of his reign fighting wars against the French for control of Normandy, the wars began in 1202
Power struggle with barons who were powerful people who looked after large amounts of land for the king
Barons were supposed to be loyal and provide knights for the king for battle
40 barons formed an army caned The Army of God and Holy Church and rebelled against John
John forced to make peace and signed magma carta in 1215 giving away some of his power
Why did peasants revolt in 1381?
Angry about low pay and introduction of poll tax. Revolt did not achieve all aims and leader Wat Tyler killed
Catholic facts
Pope leads church
Churches should be highly decorated
Priests should wear decorated robes
Priests cannot marry
Bible and church services should be in Latin
Gods deeds get you to heaven
Monasteries have a key role
Protestant facts
King or local ruler leads the church
Churches should be plain and simple
Priests should wear simple robes
Priests can marry
The bible and church services should be in language of local people
Faith alone should be enough to get you into heaven
No need for monasteries
Henry viii facts
Wore fur and velvet hat, puffy ornate jacket, gold and gems and a cod piece
Ruled for 38 years, 72,000 people were executed
Speaks 4 Languages, well educated
He was rich, ferocious and greedy for glory
Split away from Catholic Church over the divorce of first wife
In his youth he was athletic and attractive. In old age he became fat and grumpy
Spanish Armada facts
Spanish Armada set sail with 130 ships in 1588
English ships did little damage as it sailed up the English Channel
Anchored off Calais, English attacked using fire ships causing panic and ships to scatter
Next day English attacked and defeated them at Battle of Gravelines.
Attempted to sail home, hit by storms, 44 boats sunk
Forced to sail home via Scotland and Ireland, only half made it home
Elizabeth I facts
Wore a ruff, emeralds, ermine
Died in 1603 with no children
Last of Tudor monarch
Gunpowder plot facts
Plan 1 Tunnel
Plan 2 cellar
Warning
Arrest
Torture
What was the conflict between Charles I and Parliament
After Elizabeth I, James I a Stuart became king. He died in 1625 replaced by his son Charles I. Ruled until 1649 when he was executed. He believed in divine rights of kings (getting power from god)
Growing number of Puritan MPs in Parliament who held strong Protestant views.
Each believed they had the rights, king divine power, MPs voted in
Civil war split the country
Range of actions from royal soldiers
Cromwell vs King Charles I - should the king be executed?
For:
Caused war
Could be more war
Cannot be trusted
Fought against parliament
Cromwell victories say god is on his side
Against:
Need a king
Can’t kill king as chosen by god
No court can try a king
Why was Charles I executed in 1649
Found guilty of treason, tyranny, murderer
Cromwell good things
Banned people getting drunk, gambling and swearing
Became lord protector in 1653
Parliament members to be voted
Dissolved parliament when MOs were accused of being corrupt
Brilliant army tactician
Protected English Protestants in Ireland by sending in an army
Modest man
Refused to become king
He made England strong in Europe again
Cromwell bad things
Catholic women and children killed in Ireland during Siege of Drogheda
High taxes
Christmas a day of fasting and banned dancing around may pole
What did Beakers bring to England?
First metal smiths - copper, then gold, then bronze
Beaker shaped pottery
First to make woven garments
First alcoholic drink
How did Celts change Britain?
Were farmers and lived in small village groups in round huts in centre of arable fields.
Formed larger tribes, living in own special regions
Each tribe ruled by king/queen
Warlike
Superstitious
Worshipped many nature gods
What did Romans bring?
Straight roads, central heating systems, used concrete, aqueducts, sewers, toilets.
Introduced a new language, calendar and legal system
How did Angles and Saxons change Britain?
Built own wooden houses, spoke own language - giving rise to English we speak today.
Anglo-Saxons also brought their own religious beliefs
Divided into:
Northumbria
Mercia
East Anglia
Wessex
What changes did Vikings bring?
Set up or improved trade routes
New Viking words
How did Norman’s change Britain?
Built stone castles
New trade routes with France
One king in control
Introduced Norman French into English language
New rules for trials and courts
