History vocab Flashcards
Neolithic revolution
The change from hunting and gathering to creating farms and homes
domesticating animals
Hunter/gatherer
Moving from place to place with the food
Pharaoh
The title of an ancient Egyptian king
Nile river
The river running through Egypt
caused predictable floods
made Egypt fertile
Tutankhamen
King Tut’s full name
young king of Egypt
only tomb not raided
Heiroglyphs
Writing of the Egypt
mostly pictographs
Pyramids
Tomb of the pharaohs of Egypt
only for the rich
many were raided
Ziggurat
Mesopotamian temple rectangular sacrifices festivals fed and clothed the gods
Babylon
Mesopotamia
Between the Tigris and Euphrates river in the fertile land
Lapis Lazuli
Blue stone traded in Mesopotamia
Hammurabi
First king of the Babylonian empire
made law codes
Hammurabi’s Law Code
Oldest deciphered writing
over 300 laws
Ashoka
Ruthless leader of India took over Kalinga built "hell on earth" he later felt guilty for killing thousands of people so he converted to Buddhism empire called the Mauryan empire
Kalinga
Province that was taken over by Asoka
trapped India
included the Ganges river valley
Buddhism
Created by Siddhartha Gautama
religion
created in India
Buddha
Also known as Siddhartha Gautama
born rich, but after seeing a poor man he became a monk
meditated under the Bodhi tree until he reached Nirvana
Hinduism
Indian religion
uses a caste system
holy text is the Vedas
believes in rebirth
Harappa
Part of Indus Valley Civilization
disappeared without an explanation
Mohenjo-Daro
Part of the Indus Valley Civilization
one of the largest
disappeared
Indus Valley Civilization
Bronze age civilization
on the Indian subcontinent
more then 5 million people
cannot read their writing
Han Dynasty
After a power struggle in the Qin Dynasty the Han dynasty took over
Qin Dynasty
First dynasty
246-206 BCE
built much of the great wall
Emperor Qin
First emperor
unified the states after a civil war
made terracotta soldiers for his tomb
Terracotta soldiers
Eight thousand clay soldiers
for Qin’s tomb
Xiongnu
Nomadic group based on agriculture
considered barbaric and violent
lived beyond the Chinese border and part of Mongolia
Feudalism
King led the government and gave land to the lords
lords and warriors paid taxes
provided warriors to pay land
peasants farmed the noble’s land
Salamis
The battle in the Persian war when Xerxes burned Athens
population fled to the island of Salamis
two armies fought on the sea
Delian League
The alliance between many coastal and island city states
led by Athens
Pericles moved the treasury to Athens
Marathon
Darius sent two generals to meet the Athenians
Athens won
Peloponnese league
Created by Sparta
were in conflict with the Delian league for stealing their members
Pericles
Leader of Athens
wrote the funeral oration
Hang-t’u
Technique used to build the Great Wall of China
sticks and mud
Thermopylae
Sparta and Persia
Xerxes was taken by surprise by the Spartans
the Spartans were sent to stall the Persians so that the Athenians could get ready for battle
only two Spartans survived
Spartans were vastly outnumbered
Persian Wars
Started with the Ionian revolt
battles; Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis
Persia led by Darius and later Xerxes
Peloponnesian Wars
Between Sparta and Athens
in the beginning Athens owned the Martime empire
the war ended a 30 year peace treaty
the Spartans had a Helot revolt
Athens trapped themselves in a wall, starting a plaque
Sulla
Brutal dictator of Rome
killed anyone he did not like
retired from being dictator for life
Julius Caesar
Important senator of Rome
refused riches and power
popular
killed by the senators who did not want a single man to rule the government
Augustus (Octavian)
Caesar's heir killed the men who stabbed Caesar formed the Second Triumvirate with Marc Antony shunned luxury refused to be called a dictator encouraged moral reform
Julia
Augustus’s daughter
rebellious
was banished by her father
forced to marry Agrippa (Augustus’s best friend), Tiberius (forced to divorce his wife to marry her, second emperor of Rome)
Cleopatra
Leader of Egypt forced to marry her younger brother had many relationships had a son with Caesar fell in love with Marc Antony committed suicide after hearing of Marc Antony's false death
Marc Antony
Killed Caesar’s killers with Octavian
fell in love with Cleopatra and committed suicide after she did
adopted Caesar’s son with Cleopatra
held back when Caesar was killed
Venus
Also known as Aphrodite
mother of Romulus and Reamus
Aeneas
According to legends he was the founder of Rome
Romulus and Remus
sons of Venus
found the site for Rome
Romulus killed his brother over an argument about where the city should be
The Sabine Women
Women who were stolen by the Romans from the Sabine tribe
Rome’s population was low and they needed to repopulate
the women decided to stay because they are now mothers and wives
The First Triumvirate
Caesar, Pompey and Crassus
Crassus dies in battle
Pompey marries Caesar’s daughter Julius (who died in childbirth)
Pompey is later beheaded by the Egyptians when in battle with Caesar
The Rubicon River
The river that Caesar crossed to enter Rome
considered an act of war to cross that river with a army
Civilization features
Cities Religion Government Art/architecture Writing Public workings Social classes Jobs
