History- Unit 5 Study

Question 1

Eli Whitney-

Answer 1

Invented interchangeable parts-
Where each part was the same in every gun or clock. Good could be QUICKLY ASSEMBLED by unskilled workers.
In 1793- cotton gin

Question 2

Social Reform-

Answer 2

“organized attempts to improve conditions of life.”

Question 3

Dorthea Dix-

Answer 3

Worked to get legislatures to build more sanitary and humane prisons for criminals (not debtors).
Fought for the mentally ill to be housed in mental institutions or asylums (tried to treat mental illness instead of punish people for being mentally ill.

Question 4

revival meetings-

Answer 4

outdoor religious gatherings that influenced people to make good choices and reform the world to make a better society.

Question 5

Samuel Slater-

Answer 5

A young mechanic from England-memorized how the mechanics worked and escaped England in disguise. He gained capitalist Moses Brown’s support in New England and made the first American machinery for spinning cotton.

Question 6

Temperance-

Answer 6

Movement- “an organized effect to end alcohol abuse and the problems created by it.”
•whiskey: (alcohol abuse)
-cheaper than milk and beer
-safer to drink than water
Women joined he movement to see how alcohol abuse affected women and children.
American Temperance Society denounced “strong drink”
•most reformers: wanted MODERATION drinking
•same reformers: wanted PROHIBITION or a TOTALLY BAN

Question 7

Prison Reform-

Answer 7

Prison conditions pre-form: harsh places, poorly heated, inadequate food, cramped conditions.
Many people in prison were not criminals, but OWED MONEY.
Dorthea Dix- worked to get legislatures to build more sanitary and humane prisons for criminals.

Question 8

Robert Fulton-

Answer 8

(1807)- steamboats

Question 9

Richard Arkwright-

Answer 9

Made a steam powered engine, factories no longer had to be on rivers ! No one was allowed to take information about textiles machinery out of Britain and skilled workers couldn’t leave the country.

Question 10

Isaac Singer-

Answer 10

(1846) + Elias Howe-

Sewing Machine.

Question 11

Immigration-

Answer 11

Most immigrants came from Ireland, yet in 1851, more German immigrants came.
There were about 28 million foreign immigrants born by 1860.
-Ireland
-Germany
-UK
-France

Question 12

Discrimination -

Answer 12

To judge someone by their gender or their nationality.

Question 13

Mass Production-

Answer 13

Produce a lot of things from factories efficiently instead of quality.

Question 14

Erie Canal-

Answer 14

(1825): (boat passage way in New York)

a canal in New York between Albany and Buffalo, connecting the Hudson River with Lake Erie

Question 15

Nativist-

Answer 15

a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants and the revival of an indigenous culture especially in opposition to acculturation.

Question 16

Factory System-

Answer 16

The system of producing goods made on a mass scale by machines in a factory which replaced goods made by individual craftsmen. The factory system evolved in England in the eighteenth century as part of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 17

Cottage System-

Answer 17

A cottage industry is a small-scale industry often operated out of a home, rather than out of a factory. Cottage industries are defined by the amount of investment required to start, as well as the number of people employed. They often focus on the production of labor-intensive goods.

Question 18

Utopian Communities:

Answer 18

Utopian communities in 19th-century America were considered a new age in human civilization. Often led by charismatic leaders with high religious or secular moral ideals, these settlements experimented wildly with different models of government, marriage, labor and wealth.

Question 19

Industrial Revolution

Answer 19

The name given the movement in which machines changed people’s way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, the people of England began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines.