history unit 1 test Flashcards
Functions of government
protect individual rights, promote religion, molding character of citizens
nation
sizable group of ppl who believe they are united by common bonds (race, culter, language)
country
has the same definition as state. they have sovereignty: absolute authority within territorrial boundaries
state
political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government
types of power
legitimate/formal authority, expert, referent/persuasion, reward, coercive
main systems of government
unitary system: gives all power to central gov
confederal system: loose union of sovereign states
federal system: divides power of gov between national gov and subunit like states
types of government
monarchy - power belongs to ruling family by heredity (absolute - total authority over gov, limited - power limited by constitution/parliment)
representative democracy - power comes from ppl, citizens vote for representatives to make decisions
direct democracy - laws/policies are voted on by general public
dictatorship - nation ruled by one leader, power is taken by force (totalitarianism form)
oligarchy - group of people rule, from gen to gen
totalitarianism - rulers have unchecked control, citizens only have rights that rulers give, forced
theocracy - based on religious law, focused on holy books, punishments are harsh
principles of democracy
limited gov - gov only has power that has been given to it by the ppl
separation of powers - divides the role of gov into 3 branches: executive, legislative, judicial
key features of our democracy
popular sovereignty - gov in which the ppl rule based on clasic liberalism (voting)
republicanism - ppl vote for ppl to represent their views
individual rights - personal liberties and privileges ppl are born with + cannot be taken away
checks and balances - each 3 branches have some control on the other 2
federalism - gov in which power is shared by state and national gov
factors of production
land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship
three types of economies today
traditional - based off historical precedent. jobs passed down from gen to gen. bartering. regular ppl not rich
mixed market - gov controls public sector, private is controlled by individuals. US has this
command - gov owns all factors of production. ppl have little choices
pros and cons of capitalism
pros - best prices + quality, ppl wanna make money
cons - lacks equality of opportunity, external costs ignored
communism
no private ownership
central gov
no class distinction
production for basic needs
karl max
capitalism
total private ownership
market forces
class distinction
production for profit
adam smith
socialism
limited private ownership
gov and private entities
limited class distinction
production for societal needs
charles fourier
