History- The Making of the National Movement Flashcards
Name two important political associations made after 1850. What type of people led these associations?
Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, INC. English Educated professionals led these associations.
What was the arms act? when was it imposed?
The arms act made it illegal for Indians to possess arms, furthering angering them. It was established in 1878
What was the Vernacular Press act? When was iti imposed?
The Vernacular press act allowed the government to confiscate the assets and printing presses of newspaper agencies if they printed anything found “objectionable” to the government. It was made to suppress criticism against the government and was established in 1878
What was the Ilbert Bill? Why were Indians enraged when it was protested against by the British?
The Ilbert Bill allowed for the trial of European or British people by Indian judges, in the hopes of making them equal. When the Brits sought to remove it, it showed their racial attitudes and enraged Indians.
How was INC established? Who was it’s founder and notable members?
72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in 1885 and established INC. It was founded by A.O. Hume, a retired British official and it’s notable members included Dadabhai Naoroji, Romesh Chundra Dutt etc.
What was the principle of nationalism that was used by many of the political associations?
That the people are sovereign and should be able to make decisions in situations that involve them.
What was the congress described as in its first twenty years and why?
They were described as being moderate due to their goals and demands not being extreme, or being moderate.
Why was the congress moderate?
The congress was moderate as they believed the British Government had respect for their ideals of freedom and equality and would grant their demands.
Who were the radical leaders?
BalPalLal- Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandrapal, Lala Rajpat Rai
What were the demands of the congress?
The congress demanded general Indianisation of the government, that Indians be placed in high government positions, and that the legislative councils become more representative. They also demanded the separation of the Judiciary from the executive and that Civil Service Exams be held in India. They also wanted land revenue to be reduced, abolition of the salt tax, reduce in military expenditure and increase in funds for agriculture.
What was the salt march?
The salt march was a non-violent protest against the expensive, heavily taxed imported salt that Indians had to buy due to not being able to produce or sell their own. This was so heavily taxed and expensive, that a large number of people could not afford it. To protest against this, Mohandas ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi led a large march from Sabermati to Dandi.
Who partitioned Bengal? When and why?
In 1905, Vicery Curzon Partitioned Bengal. The reason revealed to the public was that it was merely for administrative convenience, though the real reason was to restrict the power of Bengali politicians and revolutionaries. They also wanted to split the Muslims and Hindus
What was the consequence of the partition of bengal?
The consequence of the partition of bengal was large. Most noticeable of which was the emergence of the swadeshi movement- a movement opposing the partition and encouraging the ideas of self-help, use of indian languages, national education and swadeshi enterprise. (also known as the vandematram movement in deltaic andhra)
What did the Swadeshi movement and the radicals encourage? Did the moderates agree?
The Swadeshi movement encouraged the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise (using the products made by your own country), national education and the use of Indian languages. The radicals encouraged the boycott of British Institutions and goods and mass mobilisation ( preparing and organizing troops for active service) with some even suggesting revolutionary violence. The moderates disagreed with the boycott and of course the revolutionary violence, as they felt it involved force.
Why did the congress split? When did it reunite?
The congress split in 1907, due to disagreements between the moderates and the radicals, mostly over the question of boycott. The INC came to be dominated by moderates, with Tilak and his followers functioning from outside. They reunited in 1915.
