History, the making of America Flashcards
American war of independence
1776-1783
Number of original states
13
Most important US document
Constitution
Three original states
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia
State added in 1821
Missouri
State added in 1812
Louisiana
State added in 1836
Texas
Number of states in 1838
26
Britain surrendered the……
…..Northwest and southwest territory’s
Who brought up the south west territory?
Slave owners
Who brought up the North west territory?
rich businessmen wanting to turn a profit by selling it on to poorer settlers
How did George Washington deal with the native Americans in the Northwest territory?
He tried to negotiate, but was largely unsuccessful so he sent in a large military and by 1795, the leaders of the tribes that lived their were forced to negotiate peace.
How did the US gain control of Florida?
The land attracted US settlers, that later revolted against Spanish rule in 1812
When did Spain sign Florida over to the US?
1821
When was the Louisiana Purchase?
1803
How much land was sold and for how much money?
530 million acres, for $15 million
Who was involved in the Louisiana purchase?
Napoleon (France) & US
Who ordered the land that the US had gained in the Louisiana purchase to be mapped & who did he send?
Thomas Jefferson (when he was President) sent Merriweather Lewis and William Clark to seek out a river passage to the Pacific Ocean.
Why was Oregon Country attractive to settlers?
Rich in furs(beaver) and farmland, some people went to spread Christianity.
What did the US and Britain decide about the occupation of Oregon?
It was to be a joint occupation which was decided in 1818.
Cotton comprised of …% of all US exports.
42%
How many slaves were sold in the south between 1815 and 1819?
Around 100,000
How did most northerners believe slavery would die out?
Naturally
How much cotton was being produced a year?
Over a million bales or 220,000 tons
When was the cotton gin invented?
1793
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
How much faster could the cotton gin prosses cotton?
50 x faster
Why did banks loan slave owners so much money?
They could be insured to give the money back with lots of interest when the harvest came in.
How many slaves lived in southern states in 1838?
Over 2 million
Were slaves allowed to vote, what did this mean for the balance of politics?
No, but the US government decide that salves count as 3/5 of people, meaning that lots of southern states (because of there high slave population) had an advantage in elections, meaning that lots of northerners believed that slave owners were becoming much to powerful and rich.
When was the Missouri compromise?
1820
What did the Missouri compromise entail?
- states had to join in pares, one slave at the same time as one free
- it drew a line across the middle of the US and only allowed slave states to be created bellow this line
- all territories in the west would be free until the became states
How does a territory decide whether to become a slave or free state?
Popular vote
Name all of the five civilised tribes.
Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole
How did the Cherokee try to fit in to American society?
- tried to use the same political structure
- set up a capital city
- used money to develop an economy
- created a written language
By 1820, what had lots of the members of the civilised tribes done to try an live along side white Americans?
They had their own churches, schools, and newspapers.
When was the first real conflict between the five civilised tribes and white Americans?
1790s
How did the first real conflict between the five civilised tribes and white Americans come about?
The white American settlers wanting to establish farm land on the Native Americans land, and slave owners wanting to create or expand cotton plantations.
Andrew Jackson (a slave holder) Presidency
1830-38
When did Jackson manage to pass the Indian removal act?
1830
What state was Cherokee territory in?
Georgia
What did the Indian removal act entail?
Permanent Indian territory west of the Mississippi river in modern day Oklahoma, that he promised tribes money if they relocated to. He said that it was in their best interest as well as treating them like children.
When was the Indian removal act?
1830
Between 1831 and 1833 , how much land did the Choctaw give up to the US?
11 million acers
How many Choctaw had moved to Indian territory by 1833?
15,000
Why had lots of Choctaw and Chickasaw died by 1833?
Harsh winters
Lack of government funding
Disease.
What case did the Cherokee people take to the supreme court?
Georgian people forcefully taking there land
White people selling there land to other white people (bidding)
The sate government doing very little, to nothing about this.
What did the supreme court rule about the Cherokee case, and when?
That the Cherokee should stay in the east
1832
Which civilised tribe, refused to sign any treaty at all?
Creek
What did some Seminoles do in 1830?
Signed the treaty and moved on to Indian territory
When did the government declare war on the Seminole that hadn’t signed a treaty saying they would move west?
1835
The Seminole wars
1835-42
Did the US win or lose the Seminole war?
Lose
How were the remaining Seminole finally forced to move west (after the war)?
The US had their chief (Osceola), who was killed during peace treaties. After this loss, they were forced to move on to the designated Indian territory.
What did the Creek do instead of moving to designated Indian territory?
Signed a treaty giving up some of their land in 1832
What provoked the Creek to start attacking white settlers, and stealing their live stock?
Some people knowingly moved on to land that had been given over in the treaty.
When did the Creek start attacking white settlers?
1835
What did the US government do about the Creek attacks?
Sent in the army to forcibly remove 15,000 Creek to Indian territory.
When was the army sent in to forcibly remove the Creek to Indian territory?
1836-37
Why, by 1338, had only 2,000 Cherokee moved west?
The Supreme court ruled that they were allowed to stay in the east.
When was the army sent in to remove the remaining Cherokee to the west?
1838
How many Cherokee were forcibly moved?
16,000
Where were the Cherokee held during the winter, until they could go west?
Concentration camps
How many Indians died on the ‘trail of tears’?
4,000
When did white Americans first BEGIN to see the plains as inhabitable?
1840s
What land features lie on either side of the plains?
The Mississippi river (to the east), the Rocky Mountains (in the west)
What were the Sioux?
A powerful Indian nation
What were the largest groups the Sioux were divided in to?
Lakota, Dakota, Nakota
Where did the Lakota Sioux live in the mid-18th century?
North of the plains
Why did the Lakota Sioux move on to the plains in the late 18th century?
- Experienced with horses (to follow buffalo)
- Obtained guns from traders by late 1830s
- Their home land began to fill up with other Indian tribes escaping from the east.
