HISTORY -The History of Social Work and Social Welfare Flashcards
Chapter 1 -
The Profession of Social Work textbook
Dulmus, C. N. & Sowers, K. M. (2012). The profession of social work: Guided by history, led by evidence. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN:
978-1-118-24018-2
Religious origins of Social Work
Social work as a profession grew chiefly out of the development of social welfare policies and programs in the United States, Europe, and Muslim countries.
Continued: Religious origins of Social Work
Judeo-Christian and Muslim practices and beliefs underlie many of the early attempts to provide help to the poor, sick, widows, orphans,”insane”, and “imbecilles”(how persons with mental illness and IDD were described
Continued: Religious origins of Social Work
Islam
Within the Arab world There are the principles of contributing to charitable traditions, and the faith has strong traditions of social reform, based on the prophet Muhammad’s Teaching.. and includes the idea that it is not charity but rather social justice and the redistribution of wealth
Continued: Religious origins of Social Work
Judaism
Jewish doctrines note, teach the duty of giving and equally giving to those in need to receive. who’s have developed many social Welfare practices which included the education of Orphans, burial of the Dead, consolation of the bereaved, visitation of the ill and infirm, and the care of widows, divorcees, and the aged
Continued: Religious origins of Social Work
Christianity
Christianity carried on the charitable tradition, adding particular emphasis on love and compassion. the founders of the Christian Church were Jews so it is not surprising that many parts of the New Testament focused on charity
Government enters the picture
The Feudal system, and people were on feudal estates. Europe 11th & 12th century- lords and serfs
Serfs were the poorest of the peasant class, and were a type of slave. Lords owned the serfs who lived on their lands.
The Deserving and Undeserving Poor.
England in 1300’s, plague occurred or black death, strangers who earlier might have been granted relief were now seen as vagabonds- punishment for begging included whippings for several days and having one ear cut off
Continued: The Deserving and Undeserving Poor.
During the Middle Ages there was a distinction between the deserving and undeserving poor.. monks praised poverty, for those that were voluntarily in poverty due to religious orders. and those who were not voluntarily poor were seen as the Blessed poor by monks also known as the undeserving poor
The Statue of Laborers
The statue of laborers was enacted in 1349, Poverty among the able-bodied was beginning to be seen as a crime and people would deem themselves lucky to get any job available (Coll, 1969)
Elizabethan poor law
Elizabethan poor law of 1601- required each parish or town to provide for poor through through levying taxes on property held within the jurisdiction
it defined three major categories of dependents: The vagrant, the involuntary unemployed person, and the helpless.
Indoor and Outdoor Relief
Indoor relief- putting people into almshouses (or poor houses) workhouses, or a common jail
Outdoor relief- referred to providing some sort of help to people in their homes
The Speenhamland law-
The Speenhamland law- enacted in the last 1700’s- poor given resources based on need determined by cost of living
Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Dix (1802- 1887)is credited with the first major campaign to get the national government to provide funding for institutions that would provide for the mentally ill
The Charity Organization Society
The charity organization Society -Set up in the 1800s Thomas Chalmers set up relief for the poor and each district under the direction of a deacon. the idea spread to New York which included home visits by volunteers who would attend the moral deficits of poor families as well as their economic needs
Continued: The Charity Organization Society
The COS In England was inspired in part by the work of a Scottish clergyman, Thomas Chalmers who set up a district plan to organize relief in Glasgow Parish in 1820s. Chalmers put the poor relief work for each district under the direction of a deacon.
Josephine Shaw Lowell
Josephine Shaw Lowell was an abolitionist who joined a women’s relief organization that provided Aid to Union Soldiers, she had worked with the New York Charities Aid Association, including a study of Statewide populism. Lowell believed that certain groups of people, including orphans, widows, And the sick were poor through no fault of their own.
Elements of COS
Elements of the COS system, such as investigations by case workers and one-to-one work with mothers of poor families, also made their way into state and federal child welfare programs.
Jane Addams and the Settlement House
Jane Addams (1860- 1930) settlement house set up hull house ( with her friend Ellen Gates Starr
Others, like Hull-House, were secular. By 1900, the U.S. had over 100 settlement houses. By 1911, Chicago had 35. Hull House was founded in 1889 and the association ceased operations in 2012.
Mary Richmond
Mary Richmond (1861- 1928 directed the Baltimore charity organization society, had urge for the establishment of formal training and social work (1897).. She wrote the SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS.
Jane Hoey
Jane Hoey (1892-1968)- 1916 studied social work- Promoted the use of professionally trained social workers in Child Welfare work on both the state and federal levels and fought against attempts to discriminate against African Americans and other minorities and providing welfare grants
Lugenia Burns Hope
Many settlement houses were established in white neighborhoods, settlements were also developed by African Americans in African American areas.
Lugenia Burns Hope (1871-1941)- started a settlement in Atlanta, Georgia. In due time she took a position as the secretary in a charitable organization Called the board of directors of King’s Daughters. she led a group of women and establishing the neighborhood Union, which was the first women’s social welfare Organization for African Americans in Atlanta
The Progressive Era
The Progressive Era
progressivism was a period of Social and economic reform that began in America at the beginning of the 20th century. there was discontent among the growing middle class people for social and economic reform. this movement impacted all the various political parties, in the whole tone of American political life (Hofstadter, 1955)
Continued: The Progressive Era and Professionalism Begins
During the Progressive Movement there were a number of issues going on in the America, particularly child labor, prostitution and racism,
Addams and at least some others in the settlement movement were concerned with Justice opportunities for African Americans. Adams was one of the founders of the National Association for the advancement of colored people( NAACP) , and not only attended a conference for the National Association of Colored Women in Chicago, but also invited the delegates to the whole house for lunch
** African American social workers generally found little Acceptance in the field, which then led to the development of their own social agencies and training schools
Mary Richmond
Mary Richmond had urged the establishment of formal training in social work. she was interested in research and establishing a scientific foundation for the Social Work practice
? (citation?
In 1904, Simmons College in Boston collaborated with Harvard University to establish the Boston School for Social Workers. Simmons was the first college to provide training for clinical social workers.
Bertha Capen Reynolds
Bertha Capen Reynolds - was a psychiatric social worker , was a promonent member of the rank and file movement.
The 1930s was a historically important decade because of union activity. Social workers showed interest in the rank-and-file movement as a strategy to protect workers’ interests during the expansion of relief work (Fisher, 1939).
African Americans and social work
African American social workers generally found little Acceptance in the field
George Haynes
George Haynes, a notable African-American social worker, received a ba at Fisk University in 1903, he would later be credited with his involvement with the YMCA and with helping to form the National Urban League
Edith Abbott and Sophonisba Breckinridge
were major figures in the establishment of the University of Chicago School of Social Administration
Abraham Flexnor
Abraham Flexnor Was the assistant Secretary of the general education Board of New York City. in 1915, the National Conference of Charities and correction invited him to talk about social work status as a new profession
The Great Depression
the Great Depression- all of the work that had been done with helping to establish the field and the progression of the field was put on hold in part due to the changes after the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression
The post-war period and further organization
in 1955, five specialist Social Work organizations merged with the American Association of Social Workers to create a single voice for the profession: the nasw
