History Test - Chap 6 - 8 Flashcards
1
Q
Jacques Cartier
A
the 1st French explorer-explored St. Lawrence River (looking for NW Passage)
2
Q
Samuel de Champplain
A
established 1st French settlement of Quebec
3
Q
Antoine Cadillac
A
establishes settlement of Detroit
4
Q
Robert de la Salle
A
claims the southern portion of Mississippi River area & calls it the colony of Louisianna
5
Q
Main reason for setting the New World
A
Fur Trade (beaver) - profit
6
Q
Why did the French have the best relationship with the Native Americans?
A
-trade partners
-treated them as equal
-didn’t come to steal their land
7
Q
What was the 7 years war?
A
The French/Indian war - a power struggle between France & England - they fought to control the Ohio River Valley
8
Q
Why did France & England have a power struggle during the 7 years war?
A
The French wanted to control their North American Empire/Canada & Louisiana/fur trade (north & south)
The British colonists wanted to expand away from the coast/more land
9
Q
Robert Dinwiddie
A
A VA governor who sent George Washington to survey the New World & to evict the French
10
Q
Edward Braddock
A
A british commander that insisted on using European style of war
11
Q
William Pitt
A
new prime minister that was chosen to take charge of the war effort
12
Q
Battle of Quebec
A
- James Wolfe (British) defeats the Morquis de Montcalm (french)
- British win! *turning point of war
13
Q
Treaty of Paris
A
It ends the war, formally recognized America as independant
14
Q
Results of French & Indian war
A
- Great Britain gained all land east of Miss. River
- French driven out of N. America
- *Great Britain became hugely in debt
- Boosted American morale
- Shattered myth of British invinvibility
- roots of the American Revolution
15
Q
What was solution the british came up with when they went in debt from the French & Indian war?
A
To tax the colonists
16
Q
George Grenville
A
British prime minister(colonial affairs) took 4 steps to get colonists to help generate revenue.
17
Q
A. George Grenville’s 4 steps to get colonists to help generate revenue:
B. What did these steps violate?
A
A.1. Renewal of the Navigation Acts
2. Writ of Assistance
3. Admiralty Courts
4. Taxes!
B. The steps violated British citizens rights.
18
Q
James Otis
A
“Taxation w/o representation is tyranny”
19
Q
Patrick Henry
A
denounced the tax & demanded its repeal
20
Q
Benjamin Franklin
A
Unofficial spokesperson
21
Q
2 types of Protest of Stamp Tax
A
- Mob Action - use of intimidation & threat & violence effigies (rag figures)- made of tar & feather
- Boycott
22
Q
Charles Townshead
A
New prime minister
23
Q
In 1768 British sent 4,000 troops to Boston, why?
A
To enforce the laws, (brink of Revolution)
24
Q
what was the Boston Massacre
A
A mob planned by Samuel Adams to create an event, 5 colonists killed, used as propaganda, 9 soldiers charged/w murder!
25
John Adams
a lawyer who represented the 9 soldiers charged with murder
26
Committees of correspondence
underground spy networks that kept an eye on British movements/enforced the boycotts
27
What did the Tea Act of 1773 give?
gave the company a monopoly(exclusive rights) on the sale of tea! Colonists cut out
28
Result of Tea Act
Boston tea Party
Sons of liberty members dumpled ten into the harbor
29
King George's response to the tea party was:
to pass the Coercive Acts or the Intolerable Acts
30
Intolerable acts were designed
to punish Boston
31
Intolerable acts (3)
1. Boston Port Act
2. Mass. Government Act
3. New Quartering Act
32
How many colonies were in the 1st continental congress
12 colonies
33
Suffolk Resolves
statement of grievances (complaints/demands)
34
What did the Suffolk Resolves do?
1. demanded a repeal of all taxes
2. Demanded repeal of the Quartering Act.
3. demanded that all British troops sent back to England
4. voted to boycott all British goals
5. Formed militias
35
Dr. Joseph Warren
head of the committee of correspondence in Boston. He alerted Paul Revere & William Dawes of the British actions
36
700 troops were under command of John Pitcairn- sent to do what?
1. Arrest the revolutionary ring leaders
2. Seize & destroy the colonial arms stored in Concord
37
Lexington
Militia under command of Captain John Parker
-8 minutemen dead
38
Concord
engagements fought @ Old North Bridge
39
What did the battles of Lexington & Concord lead to
the American revolution
40
Ralph Waldo Emerson
famous for "the Concord Hymn" & the "shot heard round the world" -fight for freedom had begun!
41
Main cause of American Revolution
Taxation w/o representation
42
Battle of Bunker Hill
1st maj. battle of the Revolution (deadliest)
43
Colonial William Prescott
American that said "don't fire until you see the white of their eyes" during battle of Bunker Hill
44
Results of the Battle of Bunker Hill
1. British evacuate Boston
2. 2nd continental congress as our 1st government
A. Created an army by John Hancock (Pres. of 2nd continental congress)
B. George Washington is chosen as commander of the army
c. Olive branch petition (call for peace)
45
John Hancock
President of the 2nd Continental congress, he created an army, & chose George Washington as commander of Army
46
Result of Olive Branch Petition
1. King George declared the colonists "traitors"
2. Prohibitorl act: Britain ended all trade/w colonies & set up a blockade
47
Why did the Americans invade Canada?
Americans hoped the French would join them against the British. French didn't join America.
48
Thomas Paine
wrote "Common Sense"
a list of reasons on why Americans should claim independence from British. Stated how their was no need for monarchy/ruling elite
49
Richard Henry Lee
proposed a resolution to declare our independence before the continental congress
50
Declaration of independence officially ratified on
July 4, 1776 - Birth of USA
51
3 maj. basic ideas expressed in Declaration of Independance
1. All men are created =
2. all men have 3 God given rights: Life, Liberty, Pursuit of happiness
3. Government is to serve will of the people.
52
What would have happened if America had lost the war?
They all would've been hung as traitors
53
What 3 sides did Americans choose from?
Loyalists 20-25% , Patriots 40-45% , and Neutrals 30%
54
Loyalists AKA ... ?
Tories, those who opposed independence & remained loyal to the crown
55
Patriots AKA ...
"Whigs" those in favor of revolution
56
Neutrals were..
neutral to Patriots/Loyalists. As the war went on it became more difficult to stay neutral
57
British Major Advantages
1. Best trained army/navy in the world
2. Strong central government
3. unlimited supplies/equipment
58
British Maj. Disadvantages
1. Unfamiliar territory
2. Mercenary soldiers (paid, foreign)
3. Not fully supported @ home
59
American Maj. Advantages
1. fighting for independence!!
2. Leadership of George Washington
3. Familiar territory
60
American Maj. Disadvantages
1. Poorly trained army
2. No navy!
3. Very little for supplies/food & equipment
61
British Battle Strategies
Prevent revolution from spreading & to take over the major cities to gain loyalist support
62
American Battle Strategies
Avoid direct engagements/use hit & run tactics / and hope to gain foreign aid
63
Overall British Commander
General William Howe
64
Americans were led by:
George Washington
65
Americans lose all 3 battles! Results?
1. British occupy New York (center of British operations)
2. Most Americans deserted the army!
66
Lowest point in the war?
All looked lost
67
the 2 events that help Americans to boost the morale & save the cause:
1. Thomas Paine writes the "American Crisis" ( challenging their courage/manhood!!
2. Battle of Trenton - Americans win (SURPRISE)
68
Battles of Saratoga
Americans beat the british!!
69
AM & British Commanders of the Battles of Saratoga
British: John Burgoyne
American: Horatio Gates
70
Benedict Arnold
He was the hero of the Battle of Saratoga & later on became a traitor to his country
71
Result of Battle of Saratoga
1. French decide to join the American side!!
2. Turning point in WAR
72
WHy do the French help us?
The French want pay back for the French & Indian War!
73
Franco-American Alliance:
USA becomes allies/w France
74
What did French bring to war?
1. Navy
2. Money (supplies & equipment)
3. Fresh troops
4. Allies (Spanish & Dutch)
75
Carlisle Peace Commission
British attempt to make peace (they offered self rule as a British colony)
76
Friedrich von Steuben
(german) was foreign assistance to AM during the Battle of Philadeplhia. He trained "continentals into a disciplined army
77
Marquis de Lafayette
(French) close aid to George Washington
78
Haym Salomon
(Polish) In charge of raising money for the Americans (borrowed from foreign countries
79
Deborah Sampson
disguised herself as a man to serve in the continental army
80
Mary Ludwig Hays
"Molly Pitcher" (legend) "Heroine at the battle of Monmouth)
81
Betsy Ross
made the 1st official American flag (legend)
82
Prince Estabrook
Famous African American who fought in the Battle of Lexington
83
Peter Salam
Famous African American who fought in the Battle fo Bunker Hill
84
African Americans fought on both sides for what?
The promise of freedom
85
Why did Native Americans fight mostly on the British side?
They were promised the land west of the Appalachian Mountains
86
George Rogers Clark
Lead the Americans, defeated the Native Americans led by Joseph Brant
87
Joseph Brant
leader of the Native Americans (thayendonegea)
88
John Paul Jones
Famous american naval commander of the Bonhomme Richard "we have not yet begun to fight"
89
John Paul Jones
Famous american naval commander of the Bonhomme Richard "we have not yet begun to fight"
90
Henry Lee
Top American calvary commander-
91
Patrick Henry
"Give me liberty or give me death!"
92
Nathan Hale
American spy "I regret that I have but one life to give to my country"
93
How did Benedict Arnold betray his country?
Offers to give over control of West Point to the British
94
What were the reasons why Benedict Arnold betrayed his country?
1. Victim of a smaller campaign
2. Not promoted as he should have been
3. Loyalist Wife - Peggy Shippen
95
General Henry Clinton
British commander officer that decided to go south to gain more loyalist support
96
Francis Marion
"Swamp Fox" - becomes a local hero for Americans. Uses hit & run tactics to frustrate the British
97
Nathanael Green
American general - "fighting Quaker"
98
Daniel Morgan
"Old Waggoner" sent by GW to help Marion!
99
Yorktown
is on a peninsula between the York & James Rivers
100
Battles won by Americans
lost:
Won: Kings Mountain & Cowpens
Lost: Camden & Guilford Courthouse
101
Battle of Yorktown
a siege/fighting that lasted 3 weeks. Americans trapped the British (they wanted help, but it came a week too late)
102
Treaty of Paris
The official end to the American Revolution
103
American negotiators
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, & John Jay
104
Results of American Revolution
1. Independence!!
2. The revolutionary idea of ordinary/common ppl ruling/governing themselves becomes a reality
3. Creates a new "egalitarian" society - "all ppl are equal"
4. Americans began to question slavery
5. Beginning of Religious freedom
105
E. Pluribus Unum
"out of many one" (Out of many peoples, one nation!)
106
The USA is based on what 3 pieces of paper?
1. Declaration of Independence
2. The Constitution
3. The Bill of rights
