History test #1

Question 1

causes of British colonization

Answer 1

1. defeat of the Spanish armada
2. Too many people, not enough land in Europe
3. Desire for religious freedom by those who weren’t part of the church of england

Question 2

The first British colonies

Answer 2

Jamestown (established 1607)

Question 3

Until ca. seven years war, British government gave colonies great deal of local autonomy

Answer 3

benign neglect

Question 4

economic philosophy holding that the economy should be structured to enrich the government

Answer 4

mercantilism

Question 5

Regional economies

Answer 5

New England (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode island)

Question 6

The great awakening (1730s-1760s)

Answer 6

1. reaction against enlightenment, reason–deism

2. emphasized personal relationship with god

Question 7

who did the great awakening emotionally appeal to?

Answer 7

African Americans

Question 8

social hierarchy

Answer 8

1. large merchants and gentry (landowners)
2. free farmers and smaller merchants
3. indentured servants
4. slaves

Question 9

enlightenment

Answer 9

European intellectual movement begun ca. 1650 that believed that human societies operated according to natural laws that are same under all conditions and can be discovered by humans through reason and observation

Question 10

what was the main effect of the seven years war

Answer 10

Britain was BROKE, needed colonies to ante up to finance cost of war and maintenance of peace, benign neglect was over

Question 11

what was the main cause of the American revolution

Answer 11

Britain was bankrupted by seven years war

Question 12

what did Thomas Paine’s “common sense” (January 1776)advocate

Answer 12

American independence

Question 13

what was the main turning point war in the revolutionary war

Answer 13

battle of Saratoga(October 1777) American victory brings French into war on Americas side -France had a real navy

Question 14

what was a major outcome of the revolutionary war

Answer 14

treaty of Paris of 1783

Question 15

for who did the revolutionary war not benefit

Answer 15

native Americans and woman

Question 16

Northwest ordinance (1787)

Answer 16

Established plan to organize new territory and set conditions for eventual statehood

Question 17

what were some compromises in the US constitution

Answer 17

The great compromise, Three-fifths compromise, Promise of a bill of rights

Question 18

what advocated government support for industry

Answer 18

Hamilton’s report on manufactures

Question 19

what had backlash against Alien and sedition acts-principle of nullification

Answer 19

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

Question 20

court denies itself authority of mandamus, but established principle of judicial review

Answer 20

Marbury v. Madison

Question 21

original issues not involved; just restored status quo antebellum

Answer 21

treaty of Ghent

Question 22

pledged US noninterference in the European affairs, but forbid any attempts at European recolonization in the Americas

Answer 22

The Monroe Doctrine

Question 23

Also called the coercive acts, this series of punitive acts targeted Massachusetts

Answer 23

Intolerable acts

Question 24

what were the causes of the civil war

Answer 24

1 regional differences grew stronger
2 issue of slavery in new territories, congressional compromises fail
3 Lincoln elected president
4 eleven southern states secede from US and from confederate states of America

Question 25

Us turns back CSA invasion of north; lee o defensive from now on; Gettysburg address in Nov.

Answer 25

Battle of Gettysburg (june-July 1863)

Question 26

slavery is abolished

Answer 26

13th amendment

Question 27

what was a outcome of the civil war

Answer 27

southern farms, plantations, and cities are left in ruins

Question 28

what is congressional reconstruction

Answer 28

1. goal: restructure: southern society to protect blacks rights.
2. “hard” reconstruction: civil rights act of 1866 fails- south had to ratify 14th and 15th amendments
3. south broken into military districts; occupied by US troops
4. Conflict with Johnson: congress impeaches Johnson, but unable to convict

Question 29

compromise: southern democratic congressman agree to support republican Hayes; Hayes promises to end reconstruction, withdraw federal troops.

Answer 29

The compromise of 1877

Question 30

cause of how the west won and government settlement in the west

Answer 30

Pacific railroad act (1862, amended 1864)
Homestead act of 1862 (amended 1864)
Morrill land-grant act (1862)

Question 31

western economy

Answer 31

mining, ranching, farming

Question 32

Custer wiped out; US gets serious, sends lots of troops and forces Sioux onto reservations

Answer 32

battle of little big horn

Question 33

dawes severalty act–disaster for Indians

Answer 33

1. goal: break power of tribal governments
2. distributed reservation land to individual families
3. by 1934, Indian land ownership down 65%

Question 34

in the civil war what was the North’s strengths

Answer 34

1. more miles of railroad

2. more factories

Question 35

the home front ( what did both the north and the south have)

Answer 35

1. start draft, leading to widespread opposition
2. soldiers suffer from poor medical care and unsanitary conditions
3. Women take on new responsibilities while men fight

Question 36

what increased democracy

Answer 36

1. property requirements for voting eliminated
2. secret, written ballots
3. many appointive offices become elective
4. popular election of presidential electors

Question 37

the nullification crisis

Answer 37

1. tariff of 1828 protected north, at expense of south
2. John c. Calhoun, south Carolina exposition and protest: states have the right to nullify laws they deem violate constitution
3. Compromise of 1833: tariff of 1833 scaled back 1828 tariff; south Carolina rescinds its nullification

Question 38

rise of the second two-party system

Answer 38

the democratic republican party split after 1832; national republicans became the Whig party

Question 39

1. joseph smith founds church in “burned over district” NY

2. established model city at Nauvoo Illinois

Answer 39

Mormonism

Question 40

in Massachusetts instituted reforms

Answer 40

Horace Mann

Question 41

Stanton and Mott call Seneca falls conference in 1848, calling for women’s rights, BUT NOT SUFFRAGE

Answer 41

women’s rights

Question 42

1840-1860: 4.2 million immigrants entered the US

Answer 42

mostly Germans (political unrest) and Irish (famine)

Question 43

far western trade

Answer 43

fur trade

Question 44

Belief it was US destiny to inhabit the entire continent

Answer 44

Manifest destiny

Question 45

what ended the Mexican-American war

Answer 45

treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo (1848)

Question 46

what brought northerners to abolitionist cause

Answer 46

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle toms cabin

Question 47

what were the two parties in 1854

Answer 47

republican party and democratic

Question 48

ruled that all blacks are not citizens; declared Missouri compromise to have been unconstitutional

Answer 48

Dred Scott case