History test 1

Question 1

Major Changes in WWII Era

Answer 1

Big Labor/Big Business/Big Government

„„ Economics

Question 2

Franklin D. Roosevelt F

Answer 2

1933–1945
„„
““Only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

„„ 3 major challenges:

„Revive economy
„ Relieve human misery
„ Rescue farm sector

Question 3

Hundred Days

Answer 3

Congress received &

enacted 15 major proposals

Question 4

National Labor Relations Act National Labor Relations

Answer 4

to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy.

Question 5

r Board War Labor Board (1942)

Answer 5

Set guidelines for wages, hours & collective Set guidelines for wages, hours & collective bargaining bargaining

Question 6

Political Action Committee

Answer 6

a political committee organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates.

Question 7

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Answer 7

a federation of affiliated industrial labor unions, founded 1935 within the American Federation of Labor but independent of it 1938–55.

Question 8

New Deal

Answer 8

the legislative and administrative program of President F. D. Roosevelt designed to promote economic recovery and social reform

Question 9

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Answer 9

A federal agency that insures deposits in the savings accounts of qualifying banks.

Question 10

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Answer 10

the first of his major relief operations, provided state assistance for the unemployed and their families.

Question 11

Civilian Conservation corps

Answer 11

organized to utilize the nation’s unemployed youth by building roads, planting trees, improving parks, etc.

Question 12

Works Progress Administration

Answer 12

the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.

Question 13

social security

Answer 13

A law enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 to create a system of transfer payments in which younger, working people support older, retired people.

Question 14

Revenue Acts

Answer 14

– modern income tax system

„ Anyone earning $600 or more to file tax return

Question 15

Office of Price Administration

Answer 15

fix prices, ration goods

Question 16

Selective Service Act

Answer 16

The act gives the U.S. president the power to draft soldiers. The act required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service.

Question 17

Servicemen Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill)

Answer 17

provided returning World War II veterans with funds for medical care, unemployment insurance, higher education, and housing. Servicemen took full advantage of the G.I.

Question 18

The Grand Alliance

Answer 18

Great Britain, U.S., Soviet Union

Defeat of Germany the first priority
– Military aid to Russia and Britain
– Allies focus on military objectives, ignore 
political differences
– Agree on unconditional surrender

Question 19

November 1943 – Conference at Tehran

Answer 19

Future course of the war, invasion of the
continent for 1944
– Agreement for the partition of postwar
Germany

Question 20

February 1945 – Conference at Yalta

Answer 20

– “Declaration of Liberated Europe”
– Soviet military assistance for the war against Japan 
– Creation of a United Nations
– German unconditional surrender
– Free elections in Eastern Europe

Question 21

 July 1945 – Conference at Potsdam

Answer 21

– Truman replaces Roosevelt

– Growing problems between the Allies

Question 22

Install 1-

Answer 22

party Communist governments under

control of the Soviet Union, with 3 exceptions

Question 23

Czechoslovakia

Answer 23

Had democratic traditions, so multi party
– 1948 – Communist party seized control
 PM Klement Gottwald becomes president

Question 24

 Albania

Answer 24

– Liberated themselves during WWII
– Had a Stalinist regime, but became increasingly
independent
-Enver Hoxha (WWII to 1985)

Question 25

 Yugoslavia

Answer 25

Josip Broz, Tito, refused to submit to Stalin’s control

Question 26

Josip Broz, Tito, refused to submit to Stalin’s control

Answer 26

the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection.

Question 27

Marshall Plan

Answer 27

A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of World War II. It was proposed by the United States

Question 28

Containment Policy

Answer 28

A United States foreign policy doctrine adopted by the Harry S. Truman administration in 1947, operating on the principle that communist governments will eventually fall apart as long as they are prevented from expanding their influence.

Question 29

1947 National Security Act

Answer 29

a major restructuring of the United States government’s military and intelligence agencies following World War II.

Question 30

North China – People’s Liberation Army

Answer 30

Communist Mao Zedong

Question 31

Southern & Central China – supported by

Americans

Answer 31

– Nationalist Chiang Kai-shek

Question 32

Vietnam War (1st)

Answer 32

– Began in 1946 as anti-colonial war against
French
– Vietminh Front
 Ho Chi Minh, Indochina Communist Party
 Assisted by China (protect border again)
– US support French, but convince to
transition to independent government

Question 33

1954 Geneva Conference

Answer 33

Dem. Rep. of Vietnam (N. Vietnam)
– Saigon (Ind. Republic of Vietnam)
– Elections to unify in 2 years
– Policy of massive retaliation

Question 34

Harry S. Truman

Answer 34

April 12, 1945 – 1953
• Truman Doctrine/Marshall Plan/Cold War
• United Nations/NATO
• Fights with Conress
– Fall 1945 – sweeping social legislation, only passed Employment 
Act – Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)
– 22nd Amendment
– Taft-Hartley Act
• Election of 1948 – Truman v. NY Gov Thomas Dewey
– Split in Democratic Party, low ratings
– Fair Deal, Liberal Reforms
– Biggest upset in American political history:

Question 35

National Housing Act of 1949

Answer 35

This far-reaching measure is of great significance to the welfare of the American people. It opens up the prospect of decent homes in wholesome surroundings for low-income families now living in the squalor of the slums.

Question 36

December 1946 – Committee on Civil Rights

– “To Secure These Rights” Report recommended:

Answer 36

• Civil Rights Division at Justice Department
• Commissions on Civil Rights & Fair Employment
Practices
• Desegregation of federal agencies & armed forces
• Abolition of the poll tax

Question 37

April 15, 1947 – Jackie Robinson –

Answer 37

1st African American to play for 
MLB team (1B)

Question 38

House Un-American Activities

Committee (HUAC)

Answer 38

a committee (1938–75) of the U.S. House of Representatives, created to investigate disloyalty and subversive organizations.

“They look into some actors in hollywood

Question 39

Smith Act

Answer 39

U.S. federal law passed in 1940 that made it a criminal offense to advocate violent overthrow of the government or to organize or be a member of any group or society devoted to such advocacy.

Question 40

Subpoenaed ten writers, directors & actors

Answer 40

Refused to answer questions about political beliefs
and lectured committee members about civil liberties
• Jailed for contempt of Congress
• Blacklisted in Hollywood
• List of “Communists” in Hollywood grew

Question 41

McCarran Internal Security Act

Answer 41

a United States federal law that required the registration of Communist organizations with the United States Attorney General and established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate persons suspected of engaging in subversive activities or otherwise promoting the establishment of a “totalitarian dictatorship,” fascist or communist.

Question 42

McCarran-Walter Act

Answer 42

was meant to exclude certain immigrants from immigrating to America, post World War II and in the early Cold War. The McCarran-Walter Act moved away from excluding immigrants based simply upon country of origin.