history stuff Flashcards
Feudalism
Feudalism is a system of land ownership and duties from the middle ages
Charlamagne
King of franks built an empire that covered eastern and western Europe and introduced feudalism
Renaissance
Renaissance is the rebirth where art, artitechiture, politics, and the economy developed.
Humanism
Humanism is a system where people don’t believe in anything supernatural including God and only believe in the present world.
Bayeux Tapestru
An artefact that shows the Norman conquest in 1066.
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between the Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land.
Primary source
A source created during the time that the event took place
Secondary Source
A source that is created after the event occurred
Role of the Church
Carry out and continue the work of Jesus such as starting crusades, performing sacraments and helping the less fortunate
why black death spread
Black death spread because of rats and humans passing the virus to eachother.
Flagellants
Christian movement where Christians whipped themselves in public to punish themselves for their sins.
Miasma
The theory that the black death was caused by bad air.
Yersinia Pestis
A type of bacteria that caused the plague
Medieval Weapons
daggers, axes, clubs and spears
Medieval Armour
Armour such as chest plates, byrnie, chausses
Renaissance changes in trade
Money was used to buy goods instead of trading items
Renaissance: Changes in Society
Fall of feudalism
Humanism
secularism
Renassiance changes in tecnolgoy
Printing press, telescope and microscope were invented
Realism
Accurate and detailed depiction of the real world in art.
Merchants
Powerful people who sold goods such as the medici family
Frescoes
A technique used for mural paintings that use fresh wet lime plaster
Composition
The positioning of objects artwork
Perspective
An artistic technique where an illusion of depth is created
Spread of Renaissance
Rennaisenc spread from Italy to France then throughout western and Northern Europe.
Norman conquest
The 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by the Duke of Normandy
\Changes in science
scientists were able to study the autonomy of humans and other organisms through the microscope
Strengths of feudal system
Peasants were protected by the knights
People were paid fairly
Weaknesses of feudal system
Power was easy to misuse and abuse.
If you weren’t prayed for by the nuns even if you’re a good person you were believed to go to hell.
Why was the feudal system fair
The feudal system was fair as most got a fair wage and the peasants were protected by the knights; without this system the peasants would suffer.
How society has evolved since medieval times
wider range of job(not just monks nuns, knights)
- Religion(people are accepted for following religions other than Christianity)
- Theres no system that ranks us like the fedual system but there is still a divide between the rich and poor
- Nuns are no longer the only educator
- it’s not required to believe in God and be a Christian to teach.
How society has evolved since medieval times
Jobs(not just monks nuns, knights etc.. jobs like photographer)
Religion(people are accepted for following religions other than Christianity)
No more feudal system
What jobs did males usually do
worked on farms
How might peasant men manage to get an education
Monks and Nuns educated peasent men
Why were noble women’s marriages arranged for them by their families
Marriages were arranged to gain wealth, social and political power
What property rights did a noblewoman have compared with her husband?
Nobel women became the property of their husband after marriage so in order to gain access of any of his property she needs permission from him
Role of a Stewart in medieval Europe
Stewart supervised the Lord’s estate and household
Role of the Bailiff in medieval Europe
excuetes the decisions of the court
Role of Reeves in medieval Europe
responsible for overseeing the discharge of feudal obligations
What was the main source of wealth in the middle ages
The land
Who was the most powerful person in the church
The pope
Examples of how crusades impacted Europe
- increased trade
- gunpowder
- Pope and kings gained more power
- cutlery
Examples of how crusades impacted Muslims
-Trignonmetry
-the system of puublic hosptials were introduced
-Theory that the earth’s circumference was
40, 253.4 KILOMETRES,
What did people fear
People feared going to hell which was what happened if they were excommunicated.(being excluded by the church and society as a punishment)
Roles of monks and nuns
- Provided shelter
- Taught people how to read and write
- Prepared medicine
Impact of the black death
1/3 of Europe’s population died
Fall of feudalism
Trade and the economy suffered
When did crusades end and start
1095 – 1291
How did crusades cause a decline in feudalism
So many people died during the crusades that there weren’t serfs, lords and others to maintain the system
Why were frescoes important and popular
Frescoes were durable which is ideal for mural paintings because they go on a wall.
Renasiiance: changes in science
Technology such as the microscope allowed scientists to view organisms properly in greater detail and depth which also allowed for more accurate artwork and diagrams of living organisms to be made.
How values changedin renassiance from middle ages
humanism-people began believing in just the present world instead of god and supernatural things.
secularism-beleif that religion should be separated from other aspects of life
Secularism
separation of religion from political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life,
Platos theory
The theory of the forms is a concept that the physical world is not as real or true as timeless, absolute, unchangeable ideas.
Aristostles theory
Theory of empiricism
Plato and Aristotle’s books
Book of Timaeus(platos), book of ethics(Aristotle)
Who won the first crusade
christians
who won third crusade
christians
Who won the second crusade
Muslim
why did crusades fail
Soldiers were mostly peasant men who were untrainer
The distance between Europe and Jerusalem was too big.
People weren’t unified.
All sources of help and support were cut out
What are some Renaissance art?
Leonardo’s Last Supper
Raphael’s School of Athens
what is a philosopher
A philosopher is someone who asks the big questions in life
philosophers exmaples
Aristotle, Plato, Pythagorus
- When is it believed Charlemagne introduced the principles of the feudal system to his empire?
1000AD
What key things did Charlemagne due whilst king
He invaded Saxony, introduced feudalism and conquered almost all the mainland of Europe.
Under feudalism, who was the ruler and owner of the land
the king
Under feudalism, who were the tenants-in-chief
a person who held land directly from the king.
who did knights serve
their lords
Purpose of mounted warrior
attack the enemy flanks and rear.
WHat wass the preffered weapon by knights
swords because they were honourable and prestigous
Which religious institution dominated western Europe during the Middle Ages
The Catholic Church
- Identify 2-3 ways the Roman Catholic church demonstrated its power over the people of medieval Europe.
They started crusades, decided whether people who go to hell or heaven and could excommunicate people
Haileys comet
Hailey’s comet was a meteor that hit England which, William, the Conqueror thought was a good omen whilst King Harry believed it was a bad omen.
William the Conqueror
Took over the throne(became king) after King Harold died and lead the norman conquest in 1066.
King harold
Was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England
