History SST's (30 - 60)

Question 1

Josiah Wedgwood

Answer 1

An English potter, entrepreneur and abolitionist, he developed improved pottery bodies by systematic experimentation, and was key in developing the assembly line method of production.

Question 2

cast iron

Answer 2

A type of iron with a high carbon content, leaving it with high compressive strength but low tensile strength, meaning it is brittle.

Question 3

the bessemer process

Answer 3

The first inexpensive industrial process that allowed for the mass production of steel by forcing air into molten cast iron to remove its impurities.

Question 4

Manchester

Answer 4

This became the second most important city in Britain during the Industrial Revolution because of the explosion of textile manufacture there, especially that of cotton.

Answer 5

A highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty.

Question 6

urbanisation

Answer 6

The largescale movement of people from countryside to cities.

Question 7

deforestation

Answer 7

The widespread clearance of stands of trees in woodlands and forests. This occurred in Britain in the leadup to the Industrial Revolution as a consequence of the high demand for charcoal production.

Question 8

Coal

Answer 8

A sedimentary rock, black in colour and a highly combustible and dense form of fuel. It was used extensively in the Industrial Revolution as a substitute for charcoal.

Question 9

Coke

Answer 9

A purified form of coal attained by removing impurities after heating coal in a low-oxygen environment, much like in the creation of charcoal from wool.

Question 10

Charcoal

Answer 10

A form of carbon produced by strongly heating wood in minimal oxygen to remove all water and other impurities.

Question 11

Smog

Answer 11

Fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants. This was especially prevalent in cities like London during the Industrial Revolution because of the widespread use of coal in households for heating and cooking.

Question 12

Workhouse

Answer 12

A public building in which the poor of a parish received lodging in return for work.

Question 13

Mining

Answer 13

The process or industry of obtaining coal or other minerals from deep in the earth.

Question 14

Steam engine

Answer 14

An engine that uses the expansion of steam to generate power used in the propulsion of arms or wheels.

Question 15

Thomas Newcomen

Answer 15

An English inventor who created the atmospheric engine, the first practical fuel-burning engine in 1712, in order to serve as a pump for removing water from a coal mine.

Question 16

James Watt

Answer 16

A Scottish inventor who improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 steam engine with his own steam engine in 1776. The improvement removed the need to condense the steam through cooling after heating. Instead, the engine could remain hot, vastly improving its efficiency

Question 17

Robert Trevnick

Answer 17

A British inventor and mining engineer who invented the first railway steam locomotive.

Question 18

Class conciousnesness

Answer 18

The trend by which people belonging to the same social class, like the working class, develop a greater sense of their common interests and pursue them through political activity.

Question 19

Cholera

Answer 19

An extremely serious disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. A severe outbreak of this disease occured in 1854 in London.

Question 20

Steam power

Answer 20

The use of high-pressure steam to produce energy to power machines. The harnessing of this type of power was invented by Thomas Newcommen and improved by James Watt and others coming after

Question 21

Electrical power

Answer 21

The supply of electric current to a building for heating, lighting, or operating machinery.

Question 22

International combustion engine

Answer 22

A heat engine in which the ignition and combustion of a fuel occurs within the engine itself, usual powered by petrol.

Question 23

Petroleum

Answer 23

A naturally occurring liquid found beneath the earth’s surface that can be refined into fuel to power vehicles and machinery.

Question 24

Steel

Answer 24

An alloy of iron containing about 0.5% to 2% carbon, which has improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.

Question 25

Steam locomotive

Answer 25

A vehicle typically set on rails and pulling a train that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of steam power.

Question 26

Railway

Answer 26

A track made of steel rails along which trains run.

Question 27

Canal

Answer 27

Waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management or for conveyancing water transport vehicles and their cargo, like coal.

Question 28

Romanticism

Answer 28

A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century; it advocated against what it deemed to be the ugly character of the industrial age and promoted a return to the natural, thereby romanticising the countryside and the exotic.

Question 29

Manufacturing

Answer 29

The creation or production of goods, typically with the intention that they be sold for profit.

Question 30

Mass production

Answer 30

The creation of large amounts of standardised (all of the same type) products in a constant flow, including and especially in factories on assembly lines.