History Revision

Question 1

Who won the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 1

Harold Godwinson

Question 2

What day was William the Conqueror crowned?

Answer 2

Christmas, 1066

Question 3

What part of France did William come from?

Answer 3

Normandy

Question 4

What happened after the Romans left Britain in 410 AD?

Answer 4

Between 400-700 AD : invasion by the Angles and Saxons from Europe. They joined forces to become Anglo-Saxons
Between 600-800 AD : a small bit of (be it uneasy)peace where the war lords called themselves Kings and the land is split into a few small kingdoms.
800 AD: Vikings land on the coastline, raid it and some colonies are set up as the Anglo-Saxons can’t cope
Mid 9th Century: Vikings and Anglo-Saxons fight and Vikings control most of England, the North and Central places (Danelaw) and the English hold the South (Wessex)
Beginning of 11th Century: King Canute is crowned ruler of England as a whole, Norway and Denmark. It’s united under Viking rule.
Between 1015-1042: King Canute rules and thinks of himself so powerful he can hold back the sea, but then drowns, leaving England in the control of his sons
1042: The last of the Viking line Harthacanute dies, and Anglo-Saxon Edward Confessor is crowned. He drives out the Vikings. P

Question 5

Where did the Vikings come from?

Answer 5

Scandinavia: Norway, Denmark and Sweden

Question 6

Where does the word Viking come from?

Answer 6

Viking comes from Old Norse and means pirate raid. People who went raiding in ships would ‘go viking’.

Question 7

Dates off the Viking age in European History?

Answer 7

700-1100 AD

Question 8

What did the Vikings do in the countries the invaded?

Answer 8

They’d raid monasteries and villages or settle as traders, farmers or craftsmen. Two examples of countries they went are Ireland or England.

Question 9

What was the Anglo-Saxon reaction?

Answer 9

One monk described it as: ‘never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we are now suffering from a Pagan rage’ and ‘the church of St Cuthbert is splashed with Priest’s blood’. He also went on to say it was the holiest place in Britain and the pagan Viking’s had made it there hunting ground.
They didn’t like them.

Question 10

Viking Daily Life?

Answer 10

They spent most time doing tasks like: weaving cloth for clothing; collecting firewood; baking bread; hunting, fishing and gathering, (they where excellent hunters and fisherman). Other skills include crafting tools and making jewellery.

Question 11

Viking accommodation?

Answer 11

Houses where made of either turf, wood or stone. Their roofs where thatched and most walls made from Wattle, (sticks and mud). They normally included just one room.

Question 12

Viking religion?

Answer 12

The Vikings where pagan and believed in several Norse gods. When a Viking died, they where buried with some of their possessions. If you died in battle, Vikings believed you went to a hug feast hall called Valhalla where heroes feasted together. Some did convert to Christianity upon arrival in England.

Question 13

Viking food?

Answer 13

Their diet consisted of: meat from hunted wild animals and farm animals, smoked or preserved fish, berries or nuts and they drank milk or ale. They had huge feats for seasonal festivals or events like funerals.

Question 14

Vikings York (originally Jorvik)

Answer 14

York was positioned at the meeting point of two rivers, giving good trading opportunities, had land sloping down from it, perfect for defence and thick forests where they could get a lot of recourse all around it.

Question 15

Viking York’s wealth?

Answer 15

Viking York was wealthy as the Anglo-Saxons who previously lived there had been so. They would also make good slaves.

Question 16

Viking York’s trading?

Answer 16

The rivers meeting at York provided lead to the North Sea and allowed links to the Black Sea, Russia, Europe, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland. This meant a large range of goods such as moose antlers, spices, oils, materials.

Question 17

Viking trial?

Answer 17

There where three different ordeals they put you through to determine if you where guilty: fire, cold water and combat. A jury would give them an ordeal to do.

Question 18

Fire ordeal in Viking trial?

Answer 18

You would have to hold a hot bar heated in a fire and walk three steps. Your hands would be bandaged and three days later, checked if they where getting better or not. If they where healing, you where not guilty and vic versa.

Question 19

Cold water ordeal in Viking trial?

Answer 19

You where tied up and thrown into water. If you sank, you where not innocent, if you floated you where innocent.

Question 20

Viking combat trial?

Answer 20

This was an ordeal especially for the rich and powerful. Whoever was the first to die or spill blood would be wrong, and the winner right.

Question 21

The throne candidates after Edward the Confessor’s death?

Answer 21

Harold Godwinson
Edgar Aethling
Harald Hardrada
William of Normady

Question 22

Who was Harold Godwinson?

Answer 22

Earl of Wessex, brother in law of Edward the Confessor, popular with English and the Witten. Promised to back William the Conqueror, but didn’t. Promised throne by previous King.

Question 23

Who was Harald Hardrada?

Answer 23

Viking King of Denmark, very powerful army and good fighter. Descendant of King Canute, father promised throne but Edward the Confessor took it. Tostig, Harold Godwinson’s traitor brother was supporting him.

Question 24

Who was William of Normaday?

Answer 24

Future King of England, but as a candidate: a good ruler of Normandy in France, cousin to Edward, promised throne in return for sending soldiers to England, also promised to be backed by Harold Godwinson, who betrayed him.

Question 25

Who was Edgar Aethling?

Answer 25

14 years old, closest relative to Edward, spent a lot of time abroad, family has always been loyal.

Question 26

What happened after Harold was crowned?

Answer 26

Harald Hardrada invaded the North of England. The new King and his housecarles and Fryd marched in

Question 27

What happened after Harold was crowned in 1066?

Answer 27

Harald Hardrada invaded the North of England. The new King and his housecarles and Fryd marched in five days to Stamford, where they crushed the unprepared Vikings in the Battle of Stamford Bridge. They then marched down to Hastings in the South to where William of Normandy was invading. The English lost, Harold died and the French did this by tricking the unexperienced Fryd. William was crowned.

Question 28

What kind of castles did William build?

Answer 28

Motte and Bailey castles: wooden structures with moats, drawbridges, a Bailey and then a motte with a Keep on top. It was surrounded by a palisade.

Question 29

Why did William build Motte and Bailey castles?

Answer 29

To crush rebellions before they could grow and become a threat. Also, it discouraged and scared the English.

Question 30

Motte and Bailey castles weaknesses?

Answer 30

Easily flammable: thatched roves and wood, and sometimes the moats weren’t filled.

Question 31

Rebellions in William the conquerors rule?

Answer 31

The where many rebellions between 1066 and 1071. Gradually, the estates William had allowed them to keep, (he’d given the dead landlord’s to Normans) where given to the French. All rebellions failed as they lacked a leader.

Question 32

What was the Harrying of the North?

Answer 32

When the Northern Saxons rebelled, William had had enough. He sent his men out to slaughter all animals, destroy all crops, burn villages, kill people and make those who rebelled slaves. Those who survived starved to death. He did this out of frustration and strategy.

Question 33

What order was the feudal system?

Answer 33

Peasants provided Knights with food and services who provided barons with military help and services who provided the King with money and Knights. The King provided barons with land who provided Knights with land who provided peasants with land.

Question 34

Why did William introduce the feudal system?

Answer 34

It helped him divide the land and control the whole of England effectively.

Question 35

What was the Domesday book?

Answer 35

The Domesday Book was a survey that all Norman landowners would have to do. It would provide William and his advisors with details about all land, money, animals, people and power they possessed.

Question 36

Why did William make the Domesday Book?

Answer 36

It allowed him to squeeze everyone of us much tax as they could possibly spare, and regulate anyone who was gaining to much power.

Question 37

What changes did William make to the Church?

Answer 37

He rebuilt many of the crude and simple wooden Anglo-Saxons churches with impressive Norman ones, which where stone and topped with a steel Angel. Also, he replaced the English church leaders with Norman ones, who instead did services in Latin.

Question 38

Why did William make changes to the Church?

Answer 38

At a time devoid of Science and efficient law enforcement, people where fearful of going to Hell and very religious, also they rarely received education outside of the Churches so the Church’s where immensely powerful. If William had control, then all people would listen to them.