History revision Flashcards
What happened in the reformation.
1509 Henry 8 becomes king and marries Katherine of Aroagon who gives birth to a daughter in 1511.
In 1517, King defends the Catholic Church when Martin Luther begins defending it.
King receives title defender if the faith.
Henry became head of the c of e in 1533 and got a divorce.
Long term cause of civil war: Parliament
King Charles asked Parliament to raise taxes for a war against Spain. When parliament refused, he closed it down in 1629.
Charles thought he was chosen by God so Parliament should listen to him.
Parliament thought that the King should work with Parliament.
Long term cause of the civil war: Wentworth.
In 1633, Charles sent Sir Thomas Wentworth to take control of Ireland. In 1640, he was promoted.
Charles wanted to reward Wentworth.
Parliament thought Wentworth would use an Irish army to take down parliament again.
Long term cause of the civil war: Religion.
Charles’ wife was a Catholic, and he encouraged priests to wear courful robes and increased the number of statues in churches, which were Catholic things to do.
He believed that he was chosen by God so he could do what he wanted.
Parliament was protestant.
Long term causes of the civil war: Taxes
Charles ordered everyone to pay ship tax because “the navy protected everyone”. John Hampden was sent to prison because he didn’t agree.
Parliament hadn’t agreed.
Long term causes if the civil war: Scotland.
In 1637 Charles tried to make the puritan church in Scotland more like the c of e. The Scots refused and Charles sent an army to attack them. When his army got crushed, the Scots made him pay for the cost of war. He had to reinstate Parliament in 1640 to get his money back.
Charles hated the puritan church.
Parliament wasn’t happy because war costs a lot of money.
What did Parliament do to cause the civil war?
Parliament introduced the Grand Remonstrance, which made more demands of the King.
John Pym, the head of Parliament, disagreed over who should be in charge of the army to fight the Irish Rebellion.
Parliament chose to take over the army without permission from the King.
John Pym sent demands to the King that said that Parliament would control the army, decide the future of the church, have to approve of the Kings mps, and decide how the Kings children are brought up and who they marry.
Why did Britain want an empire?
Wealth-
It would be easier for Britain to trade, gave access to valuable raw materials and gave poor people an opportunity to make money.
Power-
Britain would look as powerful as others European countries. Britain needed to grow in power or other countries would get there first.
What were the conditions like on the middle passage?
Slaves were crammed into “tight packers,” which were especially made to fit as many people on board as possible. Many slaves died of illnesses because it was very unhygienic and when they died the captain was angry that he’d lost some money.
Men were kept on the top floor so they didn’t see how badly the women and children were being treated, and were forced to dance so that they didn’t have any energy to try to escape or rebel.
What were the problems with the voting system in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Only men above 21 who owned property could vote, which was about 2% of the population.
The house of Lords was more important than the house of commons.
General election every 7 years.
Some big towns had no mps while some tiny villages sent 2 mps to parliament.
Rotten boroughs were boroughs with small numbers of voters but atill got to semd 2 mps to parliament and were easily bribed.
What were people campaigning for at Peterloo?
They wanted the reform of parliamentary representation.
What was the Great reform act of 1832?
It was a bill that removed 50 boroughs and created 67 new constituencies, and gave men who owned a little bit of land or a house of more than £10 the right to vote.
It was only slightly positive as it increased the percentage of people who could vote from 2% to 3%.
Who were the Chartists?
A group of mainly working class people who were dissatisfied with the Reform Act as they also wanted the vote.
They were lead by William Lovett and Feargus O’connor.
What did the Chartists demand?
A vote for every man of 21 or above years.
The ballot should be secret.
Anyone van become an mp.
Mps should be paid so everyone can afford to be an mp.
Equal constituencies.
There should be yearly elections.
How did the suffragists campaign?
The suffragists used peaceful methods of campaigning.
Millicent Fawcett was the head.
They wanted women’s suffrage.
Their methods were newspapers, protest marches, public meetings, letters to mps, and tax evasion.
This used no violence but was very slow.
