History Review: a look beneath the surface (1500-1763) Flashcards
Cultures on a Collision Course
Indigenous People of North America
Long historical presence and cultural relationship with the land
Territorial lands and traditional values and views of trade and commerce
Cultures on a Collision Course
European Voyagers / Explorers
Economic interest in land ownership and control of resources
European competition for land and resources extended to “new lands”
England,
France, Spain, Russia, & others
European Voyagers / Explorers
English/French explore East Coast
Focus on fur trade / land / resource control
Spanish/Russians explore West Coast
Focus on trade / looking for NW passage
= Influx of
new cultures & ideas
(Imposition of European culture begins)
Origins of Canada = the Fur Trade
Since the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America, a relationship of ?? .. began.
Throughout the 1600s-1700s, contact revolved mainly around the thriving fur trade.
trade and alliances
Origins of Canada = the Fur Trade
The ?? initially welcomed and guided the newcomers across the continent, and played an integral role in their ? in this rugged northern land.
Some mixing of ? resulted as explorers and fur traders joined with women from various Native tribes.
indigenous people; survival
cultures
Fur Trade Competition
1670 – Rupert’s Land Charter – ? controlled HBC and affiliated English-speaking fur traders
1783 - competition to HBC emerged – the NWC mainly affiliated with Montreal based French speaking fur traders
These trading companies were rivals who often allied with ? ? to gain an upper hand in trade pursuits.
British
Native groups
Fur Trade Competition
Traditional concepts of trade among the Native Americans was a ? ? that contributed to their welcoming of the Europeans as trade partners.
common pattern
From Competition to Battles
Concepts of ? and ? was a common pattern among the European newcomers, and this would eventually lead to competition and wars between the players in the fur trade.
land ownership
control of resources
From Competition to Battles
As parties with competing interests came into conflict, military alliances were formed and often based on ? in connection with ? activities.
relationships formed
fur trade
British defeat French: Political Power Shift
King George III Royal Proclamation in 1763
Promises protection to “Indians”
Any lands not ceded considered “Indian Land”Land settlement subject to
“Crown” approval
Royal Proclamation of 1763
SOURCE: http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/pp/ppa.html
WHEREAS we have taken into Our Royal Consideration the extensive and valuable Acquisitions in America, secured to our Crown by the late ? , concluded at Paris the 10th Day of February last; and being desirous that all Our loving Subjects, as well of our Kingdom as of our Colonies in America, may avail themselves with all convenient Speed, of the great Benefits and Advantages which must accrue therefrom to their Commerce, Manufactures, and Navigation, We have thought fit, with the Advice of our Privy Council, to issue this our Royal Proclamation, hereby to publish and declare to all our loving Subjects………
Definitive Treaty of Peace
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Its formulators attempted to appease ? around the west of the Great Lakes by granting them territorial guarantees.
? was prohibited west of a line along the headwaters of all the rivers draining into the Atlantic Ocean from the Allegheny Mountains.
King George reserved the western lands to the ?? that were under his “protection” as their exclusive “hunting grounds.”
the Indians
Further colonial settlement
Further colonial settlement
Royal Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation laid down entirely new and equitable methods of dealing with the Indians.
It established a constitutional framework for the negotiation of Indian treaties.
As such it has been labelled an
“Indian Magna Carta” or and
“Indian Bill of Rights.”
SUMMARY
Throughout 1500-1600 trade between North American Native people and “Newcomers” started small, but evolved into an intensive fur trade economy
As “Newcomers” took Native wives, blended Metis culture evolved with several communities established along major river routes
HBC (English) and NWC (‘Freemen’ – mostly French and others) were rivals in the fur trade and were culturally and socially separate in many respects
