history quiz BW Flashcards
What was the Progressive Movement?
A broad reform movement that aimed to address problems created by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.
Who were the Progressives?
Middle-class reformers who believed government should take active steps to solve social and economic problems.
List some social problems of industrial capitalism addressed during the Progressive Era.
- Child labor
- Poor working conditions
- Urban poverty and slums
- Political corruption
- Unsafe consumer products
What was the corruption issue related to state legislatures?
Bribed to seat US Senators favorable to big business, specifically John D. Rockefeller.
What amendment resolved the corruption issue of state legislatures?
17th Amendment (1913), which established the direct election of Senators.
What were Political Machines?
Goon squads that enforced the agendas of Political Bosses through violence and by withholding government services.
What was Tammany Hall?
The New York City Political Machine known for its corruption.
What is muckraking journalism?
A form of investigative journalism that exposed corruption and social problems.
Name a notable muckraker and their contribution.
Lincoln Steffens, who exposed municipal corruption.
What did Upton Sinclair’s ‘The Jungle’ expose?
Unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
What acts were passed as a result of ‘The Jungle’?
- Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- Meat Inspection Act of 1906
What was the significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
A major incident that led to massive labor reforms due to the deaths of almost 200 young female workers.
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
Republican President (1901-1909) known for the ‘Square Deal’ program.
What were the key policies of Roosevelt’s ‘Square Deal’?
- Trust-busting
- Consumer protections
- Conservation of natural resources
What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
Extended American influence in Latin America and claimed the right to exercise ‘international police power’ in the Western Hemisphere.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
Democratic President (1913-1921) who implemented the ‘New Freedom’ program.
List important developments during Wilson’s presidency.
- Established federal income tax through 16th Amendment
- Created Federal Reserve System
- Passed Clayton Antitrust Act
- Led the U.S. into World War I
What was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
The largest women’s organization (150,000 members) that advocated for women’s rights and social reforms including alcohol prohibition.
What was the Settlement House Movement?
Provided education, childcare, food, shelter, and other services to poor immigrants.
Who founded the Hull House?
Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889.
What did Margaret Sanger advocate for?
The ability to control family size to end the cycle of women’s poverty.
What significant action did Margaret Sanger take in 1916?
Opened the first birth control clinic in Brooklyn.
What percentage of female employment was accounted for by office work and telephone operators by 1920?
25%.
What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?
Granted women the right to vote.
