History Quiz Flashcards
What is Humanism?
Prioritizes human values over divine or supernatural ones.
What does Heliocentric mean?
Sun-centered universe.
What is Absolute Monarchy?
Ruler with total power.
What is Isolationism?
Policy of non-involvement with other countries.
What is Mercantilism?
Economic policy promoting national power through trade control.
What was the Reformation?
16th-century religious reform movement.
What is the Scientific Method?
Systematic process for investigating the natural world.
What is a Guild?
Association of craftspeople or merchants.
Who were the Janissaries?
Elite Ottoman infantry units.
What is the Middle Passage?
Transatlantic slave trade route.
What civilization is referred to as the Maya?
Mesoamerican civilization.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
Renaissance artist and inventor.
What is Individualism?
Emphasizes individual liberty and rights.
What civilization is referred to as the Inca?
Andean civilization.
What is Quipu?
Incan knotted-string record-keeping system.
What is the Printing Press?
Machine for printing text and images.
Who is Michelangelo?
Renaissance artist (sculptor, painter, architect, poet).
What is an Indulgence?
Catholic remission of sin’s punishment.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Transfer of goods, people, and ideas between Old and New Worlds.
What are City-States?
Independent city and surrounding territory.
What civilization is referred to as the Aztec?
Mesoamerican civilization in central Mexico.
What is Mesoamerica?
Region encompassing Mexico and Central America, home to ancient civilizations.
What is the Castas System?
Spanish colonial racial hierarchy.
What does Secular mean?
Non-religious.
What was the Renaissance?
Cultural rebirth in Europe.
What is Excommunication?
Exclusion from a religious community.
What was the Commercial Revolution?
Period of European economic expansion.
What is Vernacular?
Everyday language of a region.
Who was Martin Luther?
Initiated the Protestant Reformation.
What are the 95 Theses?
Martin Luther’s criticisms of the Catholic Church.
What is Protestantism?
Branch of Christianity separate from Catholicism.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
16th-century movement reforming Western Christianity.
What is a Joint-Stock Company?
Business with ownership divided into tradable shares.
