History Question Flashcards
1
Q
In 1984, Richard Leakey finds this in Kenya
A
A nearly complete homo erectus skeleton
2
Q
What are the ways the people in the Neolithic Era used permanent shelters
A
Provided a more comfortable life, provided protection from harsh weather, provided a location where they could trade items
3
Q
What irrigation systems did the Sumerian farms use to control water supply
A
Dams, levees, canals
4
Q
What is true about Hammurabi’s code
A
Hammurabi’s code was given to Hammurabi by the gods. Hammurabi’s code was used to unite the empire and preserve order. Hammurabi’s code was written on a stele and placed in the Ziggurat of Marduk
5
Q
A ________ is wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior
A
Tribute
6
Q
Label Maslows Hierarchy of needs from Bottom to Top
A
Physiological needs (water, food and shelter) Safety and Security, Love and Belonging needs, esteem needs, self acculization needs
7
Q
What was the purpose of the Assyrian Aqueducts
A
To bring water to the city
8
Q
What were the duties of a Sumerian King
A
Enforcement of laws, Maintenence of irrigation systems, collection of taxes, building of temples
9
Q
I was a colony of the Phoencians and became one of the largest and most important trade cities. What city-state am I
A
Carthage
10
Q
A time of peace, stability, and expansion
A
The New Kingdom
11
Q
A strong central government, when the pyramids were built
A
The old kingdom
12
Q
A Period of Reunification with many achievements in literature, art, and architecture
A
The middle kingdom
13
Q
What caste is a Laborer
A
Shudras
14
Q
What caste are priests and teachers
A
Brahmins
15
Q
What caste are street sweepers and latrine cleaners
A
Dalits
16
Q
What caste are traders and merchants
A
Vaishyas
17
Q
What caste are warriors and rulers
A
Kshatriyas
18
Q
When discussing the caste system a _____ is what you are born into and/or occupation based
A
Jati
19
Q
When discussing the caste system a ______ is based on your skill
A
Varna
20
Q
How did the people in the Paleolithic era (old Stone Age) get food
A
Hunted and gathered
21
Q
How did the people in the Neolithic era (new stone age) get food
A
Farmed and produced their own food
22
Q
What kind of shelters did the people in the Paleolithic era live in and how were they made
A
Caves or rough tent like structures they move a lot (temporary shelters)
23
Q
What kind of shelters did the people in the neolithic era live in
A
Mud Brick houses
24
Q
How many people did the people in the Paleolithic era live with
A
20-60
25
How many people did the people in the Neolithic era live with
100-1000 these were the first real communities
26
What did the people in the Paleolithic Era do for jobs
Finding enough food to survive. Everyone did this
27
What did the people in the Neolithic Era do for jobs
Farming, Weaving, Basket Makers, Tool Makers, Traders
28
What did the people in the Paleolithic Era trade for if they traded
They rarely traded, but if they traded they traded for resources
29
What did the people in the Neolithic Era trade for
They wanted things to improve strength and beauty
30
Akkadian years in power
2300-2100 B.C.E
31
Akkadian Leader/s
King Sargon
32
Akkadian Achievement
3rd sculptures/steles, Their language was one of the first, first empires
33
Babylonian years in power
1894-1595 B.C.E
34
Babylonian leader/s
Hammurabi
35
Babylonian Achievements
Postal Service, built roads, Hammurabi’s code
36
Assyrian years in power
900-612 B.C.E
37
Assyrian Achievements
Siege warfare, 2d art/bas-reliefs
38
Neo-Babylonian years in power
605-539 B.C.E
39
Neo-Babylonian leader/s
King Nebuchadnezzar
40
Neo-Babylonian Achievements
Skilled in math and astronomy, hanging gardens of Babyon, First Sundial, Built towers for archers, 60 minute hours and 7 day weeks
41
Old kingdom of egypt years in power
2700-2200 B.C.E
42
Old kingdom of egypt leader/s
Khufu
43
Old kingdom of eygpt achievements
Strong central government, age of pyramids
44
Middle kingdom of Eygpt years of power
2000-1800 B.C.E
45
Middle Kingdom of Eygpt leaders
Senusret I
46
Middle kingdom of Eygpt Achievements
Literature, art, and architecture, period of reunification, white chapel
47
New kingdom of Egypt years of power
1600-1100 B.C.E
48
New Kingdom of Egypt leader/s
Hatshepsut, Ramses II
49
New Kingdom of Egypt Achievements
Great temple Dayr-al-Bahri, Egypts gold age, eternal afterlife, expanded kingdom
50
Harrapan civilization of India years in power
2700-1900 B.C.E
51
Harrapan civilization of India Achievements
Great Bath, seal, sewer system, clay models
52
Kingdom of Kush years in power
2000 B.C.E - 350 C.E
53
Kingdom of Kush leader/s
King Alara, Queen Amanirenes
54
Kingdom of Kush achievements
New temples and pyramids, rich gold mines, trading
55
Egyptian social classes from bottom to top
Peasents, artisans, scribes, priests, government officials, pharaohs
56
Shang social classes from bottom to top
Enslaved people, farmer, artisans - traders, nobles, king
57
Artifact
An item discovered from ancient times
58
B.C.E
Before common era
59
Bias
Prejudice in favor or against something
60
C.E
Common era
61
Food Surplus
More food than you need to survive
62
Monotheism
The belief in on singular god
63
Polytheism
The belief in many gods
64
Prehistory/prehistoric
A period in history before written records
65
Primary source
Someone who witnessed the event first hand
66
Secondary source
Someone who learned about what happened
67
Ritual
Sacred ceremony that vary’s based on religion
68
Identify examples from each category on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (bottom to top)
Food water shelter, feeling safe and secure, family friends, feeling of accomplishment, achieving ones full potential
69
Explain why Maslow’s hierarchy of needs matters in the context of history
Because in history you need to have food and water before you can have the feeling of accomplishment. The needs are based upon each other
70
Identify the 6 characteristics that make humans human
1. Bipedalism 2. Tools and food 3. Bodies 4. Brains 5. Social life 6. Language and symbols
71
Describe the process of human migration
Humans migrate to places that either help them in a way or because of their curiosity. Helping them get more food by either having good soil for farmers or more animals for hunters
72
Identify the 4 reasons historians think humans migrates out of Africa
Lack of resources, change of climate, conflict, curiosity
73
Put the 4 empires in Mesopotamia in the right order
Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian
74
City-state
A independent city that isn’t as big as a state but has its own laws and government like a state
75
Culture
The way a certain group of people act, how they represent their history, the food they eat, and their beliefs
76
Cuneiform
One of the first ancient writing systems, written on clay tablets
77
Irrigation
The supply of water for crops
78
Scribes
People whose jobs were to write and record everything in the ancient times
79
Technology
The modernized tools people in that certain era use
80
Tribute
Wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior
81
Ziggurats
Ancient sacred temples
82
Define natural resource & identify examples
Natural resources are things that aren’t human made, but help the people near them in someway. Ex: Water, mud, rocks
83
Define natural barrier & identify examples
Natural barriers are barriers that protect empires or cities that aren’t human made. Ex: mountains or valleys
84
Explain why religion was important in Sumer
Religion was important in Sumer because it was the center of everyone’s lives. It controlled their decisions, beliefs, and everything else
85
Identify the 3 main achievements of the Sumerians (while they were independent)
The wheel, cuneiform, dams/canals
86
Explain why writing began
So people could communicate with each other to get jobs and tasks done quicker and easier.
87
Identify the 2 causes of disputes between the city-states in Mesopotamia
Over land and water rights
88
Describe the social structure of the Akkadian empire
Hierarchy
89
Downfall of the Akkadian empire
Fell from invaders from the north and south
90
Was the Akkadian empire ruled by law or force
Force
91
Trade in the Babylonian empire
They were a trading hub and they traded grain for other products
92
Was the Babylonian empire rules by law or force
Law
93
Describe Hammurabi’s Code
A code of laws to keep order in the empire, this was thought to be given to Hammurabi from the Gods.
94
Define siege warfare
Camping outside of empires basically making them surrender
95
Describe the Assyrian military (attacking skill)
Using siege warfare, camping outside of empires with archers mainly
96
Assyrian downfall
Had too much land and couldn’t control it
97
Was the Assyrian empire ruled by law or force
Force
98
Safety in the Neo-Babylonian empire
Inner and Outer walls, and a moat.
99
Neo-Babylonian downfall
Conquered by the Persians, led by Cyrus
100
Was the Neo-Babylonian empire ruled by law or force
Law
101
Explain the main jobs of people who work to study history and describe what they study
Gather evidence, analyze past document and research them
102
Describe how we know about what happened in the pre-historic times
Asking questions, study the evidence, form hypothesis'
103
Identify cave painting and where they were found. What is in the painting, where the painting was found, identify the picture of the painting
Ex 1: India 4000-10,000 years ago, hunters, horse like animals, and humans.
Ex 2: France 17,000 years ago, captures magical beliefs of captured animals, spirits and beliefs.
104
Describe the Neolithic revolution and why it is so important and revolutionary
It was a shift in human history from the nomadic hunter society. It changed how society ran with more jobs.
105
Explain the effects of the neolithic revolution
Domestication of animals, technological advances, and social changes.
106
Explain where early humans decided to settle and why
Early humans settled in places that had enough rain and good weather for plants to grow and thrive
107
Explain the benefits of farming
Fewer diseases, healthier lives, more free time, easier lives
108
Explain the benefits of foraging
Maybe fewer diseases, they were happy
109
Assembly
A group of people gathered together for a purpose
110
Colony
a country or empire under the full or partial control of another country or empire
111
Citadel
a fortress typically on high ground protecting a city
112
Kandake
Sister of the king of Kush
113
Pantheon
A certain group of important or respected people
114
Personification
Giving objects human traits
115
Rigid
not moving or stiff
116
Smelting
the extraction of metal from its ore
117
Status
the social standing of someone
118
Subcontinent
a large land mass that isn’t as big as a continent bus has the same laws and structure
119
Topography
The natural features of land
120
Vegetation
plants in a particular area
121
Identify the body of water that is the source of the nile and the body of water where the nile ends
Lake Victoria is the body of water that is the source for the Nile, the Mediterranean is the body of water where the nile ends
122
Describe how we know that the Nile was the most important physical feature in ancient Egypt
because it created a fertile valley and provided water
123
Describe the duties of the pharaohs
keeping peace and stability
124
What empire did Khufu lead
The old Kingdom
125
What empire did Senusret I
Middle Kingdom
126
What kingdom did Hatshepsut lead
New Kingdom
127
What Kingdom did Ramses II lead
new kingdom
128
Explain why the discovery of the Rosetta stone was so important
Because the inscriptions say the same thing in three different scripts and scholars could still read Ancient Greek, the Rosetta Stone became a valuable key to deciphering the hieroglyphs. When it was discovered nobody knew how to read Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs
129
Identify the common misconception about who built the pyramids and provide the correct information
That slaves built the pyramids, the people who built the pyramids were skilled workers and farmers when the Nile flooded
130
Identify the Egyptian principle that the social pyramid is based on
Wealth property and rights
131
Describe the relationship between the number of people and amount of status for both higher and lower classes
there are less people in the higher status and more people in the lower status
132
Describe what it means for a social class to be rigid
that it is very hard or stiff to move classes
133
List the two things gods personify
sun and wind
134
List what pantheons explain
how and why the world came to be, shares culture of the society
135
Identify how we know about the ennead and what is “special”about that thing
found in the pyramid texts, potentially the oldest surviving set of religious texts in the world
136
Explain why Egyptians performed such detailed rituals around burials
so they could have a good time in the afterlife
137
Identify why India is a subcontinent
it is a landmass too small to be a continent but has the features of a continent, it is separated by mountains
138
Know which bodies of water flow into the following three river - Brahmaputra Ganges Indus
Brahmaputra - Ganges
Ganges - Bay Bengal
Indus - Arabian Sea
139
Identify when Mohenjodaro was an active settlement
2700-1900 B.C.E
140
Identify where Mohenjodaro was located
In the center of the Indus River Valley
141
Identify the major accomplishment of Mohenjodaro and why this is such a ‘’big deal’’
They had a sewer system, every other civilization only moved water for irrigation. Every person had a bathroom in their house
142
Explain who the Indo-Aryans are and how we know about them
People who migrated from the Cactus Mountains to the Indus River Valley, we know about them because of the Vedas
143
Describe the Caste System
Social classes based on birth development and jobs
144
Explain why the origin of the caste system so unclear
because there is no record of who started it
145
Describe how the Kushites capitalized on the collapse of the New Kingdom in Egypt
Egypt fell into political chaos, Kushite armies invaded Egypt
146
Explain how the Assyrian influenced/inspired the Kushites
They influenced the Kushites decision to attack when empires are weak and the knowledge of Siege warfare
147
Describe the changes made by Kushites after their separation from Egypt
New temples and pyramids, a stronger monarchy
148
Explain why Queen Amanirenas is considered one of the greatest kandake
She expanded their empire, led them in war many times, and fought against the romans
149
Explain how historians know about the Phoenicians
Greek assyrian and Latin sources and biblical resources
150
Describe Phoenician trade
Master seafarers and traders
151
Explain why the Phoenician alphabet is so important
It only had 22 characters making it easier to read and write
152
Describe Carthage
A Phoenician city near the border
153
Explain what is different about the Phoenicians than the other civilizations we have studied
The Phoenicians went over sea all the time to trade but the other civilizations almost never went over sea for anything
154
Identify when the 3 Kingdoms of West Africa rose up
500-1600 B.C.E
155
Identify the 3 kingdoms of West Africa
West Africa, Ghana, Songhai
156
Explain what idea the rediscovery of Jenne-jeno disproved
That cities didn’t exist in West Africa until outsiders arrived and helped local people build them
157
Explain how geography affected trade in West Africa
They were all large trading powers ruling over large empires
158
Explain why extended families started to join together to form villages
To be safe from other empires and attackers
159
Explain the short and long term effects of iron tools
Short term -
Farms more efficiently - more food supports larger villages - job specialization no just farming
Long term -
Trade surplus for other foods - villages become key trade centers - trade centers become wealthy - villages expand into larger cities
160
Explain how West African kings were able to establish powerful kingdoms
By using the food surplus and wealth to make their empire bigger and the bigger your empire was the more powerful it was
161
Censor
A signal that warns or shows something
162
Civil servants
someone who works for you who is loyal
163
Clans
a certain group of people from an empire
164
Cultural diffusion
the spread of culture, food, or practices from one place to another
165
Edicts
An order or law
166
Feudalism
a social system where people in different ranks worked in favor for each other
167
Immortal
Someone who doesn’t die or lives forever
168
Mandate of heaven
A ceremony used to protect people to make sure they go to heaven
169
Oracle bones
they are used to ask elders for advice
170
Province
a region within a country that has its own government
171
Yin and yang
2 different forces that work together to create peace
