History & Physical

Question 1

What is palpation?

Answer 1

The process whereby the examiner uses the hands to feel for the body movement , lumps , masses, and skin characteristics.

Question 2

What is auscultation?

Answer 2

The most commonly used physical assessment technique. Involves listening to body sounds with a stethoscope placed on bare skin.

Question 3

What is percussion?

Answer 3

Requires the examiner to place a finger firmly against a body part and strike that finger with a fingertip from the other hand.

Question 4

What is inspection?

Answer 4

Ranges from casual observation to visual scrutiny of the patient

Question 5

Percussion notes:

Flat

Answer 5

Soft, high pitched , and short of duration

Question 6

Percussion notes:

Dull

Answer 6

Medium intensity , pitch , and duration.

Question 7

Percussion notes:

Resonant

Answer 7

Loud, low in pitch , and of long duration.

Question 8

Percussion notes:

Hyperresonant

Answer 8

Very lord, lower in pitch, long in duration

Question 9

Percussion notes:

Tympanic

Answer 9

Loud and drum-like , with a high pitch

Question 10

Tachypnea

Answer 10

Respiration a faster than 20 breaths per minute.

Question 11

Hyperpnea

Answer 11

Rapid , deep labored breathing.

Question 12

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 12

Describes hyperventilation as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis , most commonly diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 13

Orthopnea

Answer 13

Refers to an individual that must sit or stand to breath.

Question 14

Platypnea

Answer 14

Refers to individuals difficulty to breath , but relieved when lying down.

Question 15

Bradypnea

Answer 15

A rate slower than 12 breaths per minute

Question 16

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 16

Characterized by sudden shortness of breath that occurs several hours after the individual lies down

Question 17

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Answer 17

Characterized by episodes of slot , shallow breathe , which rapidly increase in depth and rare.

Question 18

Biots respiration

Answer 18

Symptomatic of elevated intracranial pressure and meningitis , short burst of uniform , deep respirations , followed by periods of apnea lasting 10-30 seconds

Question 19

Crackles

Answer 19

Discontinuous
Bubbling or crackling sound heard during inspiration or expiration
Air flowing through airways with secretions or fluid

Question 20

Rhonchi

Answer 20

Deep, rumbling sounds that are more pronounced on expiration.

Question 21

Wheezes

Answer 21

Continuous sound heard in inspiration, expiration or both
Musical
Air flowing through constricted airways
Constricted through bronchospasm , mucosal edema, excessive sputum , or foreign body

Question 22

Normal breath sounds:

Tracheal/Bronchial

Answer 22

Heard ONLY over the trachea , high pitch ; loud and long expirations, often somewhat longer than inspiration

Question 23

Normal breath sounds:

Bronchovesicular

Answer 23

Heard over main bronchus area and upper right posteriors lung field:medium pitch , expiration equaling inspiration.

Question 24

Normal breath sounds :

Vesicular

Answer 24

Heard over MOST lung fields;low pitch; soft and short expirations; accentuated in thin person or child and diminished in overweight or very muscular individuals