History - Peacemaking & League of Nations Flashcards
What was signed in November 1918?
The armistice to end the First World War
Who signed the armistice?
Germany
What was the Paris Peace Conference?
A conference to discuss the terms of a peace treaty
Who was the leader of France?
George Clemenceau
Who was the leader of Britain?
David Lloyd George
Who was the leader of the USA?
Woodrow Wilson
What was the main aims of Clemenceau?
Harsh treaty, cripple Germany, prevent future invasion
What was Wilsons main aims?
Fourteen Points, Fair treaty, Self Determination, International co-operation
What was Lloyd George’s main aims?
Under pressure for a harsh treaty but knew that wasn’t possible, trading
What were the mains parts of the Treaty of Versailles?
War guilt, German armed forces, reparations, loss of territories, Anschluss, League of Nations
What was a strength of the treaty of Versailles?
- Created LON to preserve peace
- Lenient towards Germany
- Less harsh than the German treaty on Russia
What was a weakness of the treaty of Versailles?
- Left Germany with grievances
- Germany could not afford the reparations
- Britain and France fell out over reparations
enough to make them want revenge, but not enough to stop Germany from recovering - Wilson relied too much on the LON
Name a reason why German disliked the Treaty
- Feelings of injustice
- Reparations
- Loss of territory
- LON
- Military terms
- War guilt cause
What does reparations mean?
Repair, or provide compensation, for damage caused
What does the term Demilitarised mean?
No armed forces of weapons
What does Armistice mean?
A ceasefire
What does Self-determination mean?
The right of nations to rule themselves
How many original members where there in the LON?
42
Which three important countries were not involved?
USA, Russia and Germany
What idea was the League built on?
Collective security
What was the Assembly?
Met three times a year, five permanent members, four temporary
Which five countries were permanent members of the Council?
Britain, France, Italy, Japan and from 1926 Germany
What does a Covenant mean?
A set of rules
What does Economic Sanctions mean?
Restrictions on trade with another country
What was the cause of the Manchurian Crisis?
Japan invaded Manchuria over an ‘attack on Japanese troops by the Chinese on a Japanese railway.
What did the league do to stop the Manchurian crisis?
Not much, Sent a commission which took a year, condemned the Japanese
What was the Japanese’s reaction?
Left the league and remained in control of Manchuria
What caused the Abyssinian Crisis?
Italy attacked Abyssinia’s borders, Abyssinia appealed to the league
What was the league’s to the Abyssinian Crisis actions?
Offered part of Abyssinia, after Italy invaded they imposed economic sanctions
What did Italy do in response to the league?
Italy invaded the whole of Abyssinia
What plan did the French prime minister and the British foreign secretary come up with? and what was it called?
A plan to offer Mussolini most of Abyssinia, The Hoare-Laval Pact
When was the Manchurian Crisis?
1931-1933
What was happening worldwide during the Manchurian Crisis?
The Great (Economic) Depression
How did Japan try to come over the depression?
By building an empire
What were the effects of the loss for the league in the Manchuria Crisis?
Italy and Japan showed how they could get away with this
What did Italy want and why in the Abyssinian Crisis?
They were poor and wanted more land
Who was there a dispute between
Italy and the Abyssinian border
What did Mussolini do because of this dispute?
Invade Abyssinia
Who did Abyssinia ask for help?
The League of Nations
What did the League do?
- First gave a morale condemnation offering him a part of Abyssinia, instead, he sent 100,000 men to Africa.
- Then banned arm sales to both sides, hurting Abyssinia more.
Who still traded with Mussolini and why?
Britain and France as they needed the money - coal and iron
What deal did Britain and France come up with and why?
- Hoare Larval pact
- Promising ⅔ of Abyssinia to Mussolini
- To keep Italy on their side not Hitler’s
What happened to the Hoare Larval pact?
As it was in secret, it was found out and had to be stoped
What did Mussolini then do after the hoare laval pact?
Left the league and took over Abyssinia
