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Intro. to Sono. > History of Ultrasound > Flashcards

History of Ultrasound Flashcards

0
Q

When and Who began a systemic study of sound?

A

500 BC

Pythagoras

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1
Q

The study of sound dates back to when?

A

Ancient Greeks

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2
Q

When and who developed the theory of sound propagation?

A

350 BC
Aristotle

(Sound is carried to the ears by movement)

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3
Q

When was the interest of the study of sound revived?

A

in Renaissance period

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4
Q

In 1500 Leonardo da Vinci proposed what?

A

That sound traveled in waves

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5
Q

In the 1600’s what did Galileo develop?

A

He developed frequency determines pitch

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6
Q

In the 1600’s what did Sir Isaac Newton do?

A

Velocity

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7
Q

In the 1600’s what did Robert Boyle discover?

A

The elasticity of air

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8
Q

NEED TO KNOW

The modern study of sound marked by a publication by who and when?

A

Lord Rayleigh

In 1877

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9
Q

NEED TO KNOW

Who published the Theory of Sound?

A

Lord Rayleigh

He clarified and expanded the current knowledge of acustics

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10
Q

NEED TO KNOW

When and Who studied Bats?

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

In 1793

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11
Q

Who contributed to the study of Bats?

A
  • Fresnel
  • Galton
  • Joule
  • Doppler
  • Rontengen
  • The Curie Brothers
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12
Q

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Fresnel do?

A

Wave Defraction

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13
Q

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Galton do?

A

Ultrasonic Whistle

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14
Q

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Joule do?

A

Ferromagnetic Effect

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15
Q

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did the Curie Brothers do?

A

Piezoelectric effect

-Laid the ground work modern US scanners
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16
Q

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Doppler do?

A

Effect of motion on pitch of sound

-Hemodynamics--> expanded and contractions of crystals in 	an alternation field.
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17
Q

19th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did William Roetengen do?

A

x-rays (but studied ultrasound 1st)

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18
Q

Scientist learned how to produce US and how to put it together in what century?

A

20th century

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19
Q

Who laid groundwork for SONAR and when?

A

Langevin

WWll (Started in WWl but not fully developed until WWll)

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20
Q

NEED TO KNOW

When and who invented sonic detector?

A

1938

George Washington Pierce

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21
Q

20th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did Paul Langevin (French Physicists) develop?

A
  • Developed hydrophone
  • Bioeffects
  • Developed SONAR
  • Able to detect objects with Ultrasound

(Underwater sound waves
Harmful effects to sound waves put against fish and they died; then did his coworkers hand and he described it as his bones were burning)

22
Q

20th CENTURY CONTRIBUTORS

What did G.W Pierce develop?

A
  • Sonic detector

- Detect US frequencies and convert to audible sound

23
Q

MEDICAL ULTRASOUND

When and who developed Cavitation and Therapeutic US (Lower intensity US can be beneficial and could remove unwanted tissues)?

A

Loomis and Wood

(Discovered high-intensity of US
-Lower intensity US

24
Q

NEED TO KNOW
MEDICAL ULTRASOUND

When and what did Dussik do?

A

In 1942 Dussik (Austrian physician; used A-mode (amplitude) to detect brain tumors)

  • US for diagnostic purposes
  • Hyperponograms
25
Q

In 1947-1949 George Ludwig did what?

A

Used A-mode US to detect gallstones

26
Q

NEED TO KNOW

Who devised the water-path scanner?

A

Douglas Howry

27
Q

Who developed compound scanner?

A

Howry and Holmes

28
Q

Water pan scanner developed–> pt. sits next to pan of water–>the lead to the compact scanner using gel of oil

A

.

29
Q

Who detects tissue thickness? And who helped him?

A

John Wild and John Reid helped him develop the best scanner

30
Q

What else does John Wild develop?

A

Develops breast scanner and rectal scanner

31
Q

Ultrasound has been used since when?

A

1960’s

32
Q

What has Ultrasound been used for?

A

to visualize the interior of the body with low-intensity sound waves

33
Q

NEED TO KNOW

When and who introduced the first commercial scanner?

A

1962
Holmes and Wright

  • Wright–>electrical engineer
  • commercial scanner–>porta-arm scanner
34
Q

OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND

When and who used A-mode to measure BPD–>Biparietal diameter of the fetal head to estimate the weight and age of fetus?

A

Mid-1950’s

Ian Donald

35
Q

NEED TO KNOW
OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND

Who is the father of OB?

A

Ian Donald

36
Q

OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND

who did Diasonograph?

A

Ian Donald

37
Q

OBSTETRICAL ULTRASOUND

Who did BPD, Full-bladder scanning and fetal gestational sac?

A

Ian Donald

38
Q

NEED TO KNOW
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

When and who did motion display of the heart (M-mode)?

A

1954

Hertz and Edler

39
Q

What years are the golden age of diagnostic US?

A

50’s and 60’s

40
Q

When US start being used in Japan?

A

1950

41
Q

Who constructed scanner for OB use?

A

Kossoff and Garrett

42
Q

NEED TO KNOW

Who pioneered gray-scale imaging?

A

Kossoff

43
Q

REAL-TIME IMAGING

Krause and Soldner developed?

A

-Fast B-scanners which were able to recored moving structures very important for needle-guided procedures.

44
Q

DOPPLER US

When and who publishes article identifying waveforms with specific diseases?

A

1967

Strandness

45
Q

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

A

A-mode–>1-D imaging (oscilliscope)

Bistable Imaging- precursor to grey scale-only black and white

46
Q

NEED TO KNOW
EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

Who developed Gray-scale imaging?

A
  • Kossoff and Garrett

- Measurement calipers

47
Q

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

Who developed real-time imaging?

A

Krause and Soldner

48
Q

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

A 
Doppler imaging (developed 1st)
Harmonic imaging (fundamental frequency)
49
Q

EVOLUTION OF IMAGING

A

3-D US–>aren’t moving

Real time 3-D/4-D US–> are moving

50
Q

NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

A

Ultrasound flashlight–>help physician (guide in catheter)
Contrast US
Handheld US devices

51
Q

NEED TO KNOW

What did Strandness do?

A

Helped with Doppler

52
Q

There were 15 questions

A

2 were these pictures
One pic was showing A-mode
The other was showing M-modet really need to know dates just people and what they did

Intro. to Sono. (1 decks)

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