History Of The Uk Flashcards
What is the oficial name of the UK?
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland
What parts does the Great Britain consists of?
England
Scotland
Wales
What are Crown Dependencies?
Islands with their own government that are linked to Britain, but not part of it. Eg Channel Islands, Isle of Man
What is a British overseas territory?
British colony, but not part of Britain.
Eg St Helena and Falkland Islands
Where does the UK parliament sits?
Westminster
Where and what is Stonehenge?
Wiltshire in England.
Place for gathering and seasonal ceremonies.
What and where is Skara Brae on Orkney?
Best preserved prehistotic village in Scotland.
What language was spoken across the Europe in the Iron Age?
Celtic
When did Roman Emperor Claudius invaded Britain?
AD 43
Who is Boudicca?
Also know as the queen of the Iceny, a British tribe leader who fought against Romans.
Where is Boudicca statue?
Westminster Bridge in London near the Houses of Parliament.
Who was the Emperor Hadrian?
He built a wall where now Scotland is to keep the “Picts” (ancestors of Scottish people) out of England that was occupied by the Romans.
The wall with forts are part of UNESCO.
How long did the Romans ruled Britain for?
400 years
Who were the missionaries who came to preach Christianity to Britain?
St Columba who found a monastery on the island of Iona.
St Augustine who became the first archbishop of Caterbury. 
What did Saint Augustine and Saint Columba do during the Anglo-Saxon period?
They were early Christian missionaries.
Where did the Vikings come from?
Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Who ruled Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England?
King Alfred the Great AD 878
What important event happened in England in 1066?
The Norman invasion
also called
The Battle of Hastings
Which two records tell us about England during the time of William 1 (William the Conqueror)?
Domesday book
And
Bayeux Tapestry
When was the last successful invasion of England?
1066
What is Bayeux Tapestry?
A piece of embroidery that tells the story of the Norman conquest.
Who invaded England in 1066?
William of Normandy
Hadrian’s wall was built to keep out whom?
The Picts (Scottish ancestors)
Which stories are associated with Geofrey Chausser?
The Canterbury Tales
Why was Magna Carta important?
It limited the power of the monarch.
In the 1348 a third of the population of England, Wales and Scotland died as a result of which plague?
The black death.
Which two wars was England involved in during the Middle Ages?
Crusades
and
Hundred Years War
Which Scottish king defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314?
Robert the Bruce
When was the Magna Carta enforced onto King John?
1215
When were the last Welsh rebellions defeated?
By the middle of the 15th century.
When was English language, rather than French, the preferred language in court?
By 1400
What was the War of the Roses?
A war between the houses of Lancaster and York.
When did Wales became part of England?
1284
English language and law were introduced in Wales
When was the Battle of Bannockburn and who led it?
1314
Led by Robert the Bruce
When did the Scottish defeated the English?
1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn
When did the Black Death happened in England?
1348
What were the consequences of black death?
Less people Less need for crops Demand of higher wages People moving into towns Development of the middle-class
What is the black death?
A plague that killed one third of the Great Britain in Europe
Where is House of Lords and House of Commons?
Westminster London
Who sits in the House of Lords?
Big landowners e.g. nobility and bishops
Who sits in the house of commons?
Small landowners e.g. knights, middle class
What is the new name of the Big Ben?
The Elizabeth’s Tower
What architectural style is Big Ben/Elizabeth Tower built?
Gothic style
Where is the Westminster Bridge?
Outside of the parliament in Westminster London.
Where is the Big Ben/the Elizabeth Tower?
On the Westminster Bridge outside of Parliament.
What is inside of the parliament?
House of Lords
House of Commons
Can the House of Lords outvote the House of Commons?
No, or only in very small circumstances.
The house of commons have the main power, the house of lords can only advise.
What makes the English national identity and culture?
Norman French and Anglo-Saxon
Who first printed the Canterbury tales?
William Caxton
Who was Geoffrey Chaucer?
He wrote the Canterbury tales. A book about a group of people going on a pilgrimage, which is a religious spiritual journey.
Who is John Barbour? 
Scottish poet who wrote The Bruce.
Poets about the Battle of Bannockburn
What are the important buildings in the Great Britain?
Lincoln Cathedral
York Minster – stained glass
Edinburgh Castle in Scotland
Windsor Castle in London – the Queens family home
What did Britain used to trade in the Middle Ages?
Britain exported wool to France, Germany, Italy and Holland.
In 1314 who fought at the Battle of Bannockburn?
The English versus Scotland
What are the Crusades?
A war between European Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land.
Who won the war of the roses?
Henry Tudor
What was the war of the roses?
Civil War between the house of Lancaster (red rose) and the house of York (white rose).
Who is Henry Tudor?
Henry Tudor killed king Richard lll in the battle of Bosworth, then he became the King Henry Vll and married Richard’s niece to combine the two families.
When was the Battle of Agincourt and who won?
1415 also called Hundred Year War and English won against French
What is feudalism?
A system of land ownership
Name two castles that are still being used today?
Windsor Castle
Edinburgh Castle
Who was Henry VIII?
Famous for having six wives and breaking off from the Roman Catholic Church
What is reformation?
A movement against authority of the Pope and the ideas and practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Name Henry’s wives
Catherine Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne Cleves Catherine Howard  Catherine Parr
Name Henry VIII’s children
Mary - Bloody Mary
Elizabeth I - Virgin Queen
Edward VI
When did English defeated the Spanish Armada from wanting to restore Catholicism in England and who was in power that time?
1588 Elizabeth I
Who was Mary Stewart?
Also called Queen of Scots Catholic Elizabeth I’s cousin Became queen of Scotland at one week old Imprisoned by Elizabeth Executed in 1587 
Who was Elizabeth I ? 
Protestant
Found balance between Catholics and Protestants
In power when English defeated the Spanish Armada
Who was King James VI? 
Mary Stuart’s son
A king of Scotland
A King of England - King James I
Who is Sir Francis Drake?
The commander in the defeat of the Spanish Armada
1st to sail around the world
His ships name the Golden Hind
What are the most famous plays of William Shakespeare?
A Midsummer nights dream
Hamlet
Macbeth
Romeo and Juliet
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
I believe that the king is directly appointed by God
Who believe in the divine right of kings?
James VI and I
Charles I -> his son
Who was in the Civil War in 1642?
Charles I and Parliament
What was Charles I known for ?
Son of James I
Tried to put out Parliament
Tried to change the church of England
Executed in 1649
When was Charles I executed?
1649
Who were the Cavaliers and Roundheads?
Cavaliers supporters of the king
Roundheads supporters of the parliament
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
Army general
“Lord Protector”
What is Restoration and when did it happen?
Re-establishment of the monarchy
1660
Charles II came from exile and became a king of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales
Who was Charles II ? 
son of Charles I Fought England Lost to Oliver Cromwell Run away to Europe Came back during restoration
What happened in 1665?
Plague - bacteria infection 
When did the Great Fire of London happen?
1666
What important building was destroyed during the great fire of London?
St Paul’s Cathedral
Who restored Saint Paul’s Cathedral after the great fire of London?
Sir Christopher Wren
Who was Samuel Pepys?
He kept a diary about the plague and the Great Fire of London
Who was Isaac Newton?
Scientist
Gravity
Who was James II ?
brother of Charles II
Catholic
Had a daughter Mary
What was the glorious revolution?
When there was no fighting in England during the king William III reign.
Who did William III married?
Mary a daughter of James II
Why did William III became a king?
He married Mary, James II’s daughter
What happened at the battle of the Boyne in Ireland in 1690?
King William III defeated James II
In which battle did William III defeated James II ?
The Battle of Boyne in Ireland 1690
What religion is England?
Protestants
What is Habeas Corpus Act?
An act guaranteeing that no one can be held prisoner unlawfully.
What is the bill of rights?
More power to Parliament and less power to monarchy
When did newspapers no longer need a license?
1695
Who and where were the Huguenots from?
Protestants from France trying to escape prosecution from Catholics
When did Scotland joined England?
1707 the Act of Union
Who was the first prime minister?
Sir Robert Walpole
Who were the Clans?
Families in Scotland
Who was Charles Edward Stuart?
Bonnie Prince Charlie
Who wrote Auld Land Syne?
Robert Burns
What is new year in Scotland
Hogmanay
What is Hogmanay?
Scotish New Year
Robert Burns was a poet from?
Scotland
The carding machine was invented by?
Richard Arkwright
Who was Sake Dean Mahomet?
First curry house
Shampooing
Indian head massage
What is the enlightenment?
Everyone has a right to own political and religious beliefs
New ideas in politics philosophy and science
When was slavery abolished in the UK?
1807
Napoleon was the emperor of?
France
The Battle of Trafalgar was won by?
Admiral Nelson
The Battle of Waterloo was won by?
The Duke of Wellington
When and who with was the American war of independence?
1776
With Canada, but also Australia and South Africa
Which colonies of the British empire decided to declare their independence in 1776?
Australia
Canada
South Africa
How many crosses make up the Union Jack?
3
What were the women who stood up for their legal rights to vote in the late 19 century and early 20th century called?
Suffragettes
Who was Emmaline Parkhurst?
She stood up for the women’s right to vote
When did married women age 30 get the right to vote?
1918
What is the Reform Act of 1832?
It increased the number of people with the right to vote, but only men.
When did women age 21 had the right to vote?
1928, just after the WWI
Who improved the conditions in hospitals in the Victorian times?
Florence Nightingale 1822 - 1910
Who was Florence Nightingale
She improve the conditions in the hospital and reduce the mortality rate
She treated soldiers who were fighting in the Crimean war
She established a Nightingale training school for nurses at Saint Thomases hospital in London
Who was Isambard Kingdom Brunel?
An engineer who built tunnels, bridges, railway lines and ships.
What did Victorian Britain produced in 19 century
Iron
Coal
Cotton cloth
Who pioneered the railway engine in Victorian time?
George and Robert Stephenson
After the potato famine in Ireland where did many of the Irish people go?
England and USA
Who is Rudyard Kipling?
Wrote poems and novels
E.g. Just So Stories
The Jungle Book
The poem “If”
Where did the Boer war take place?
South Africa
It was over diamonds
When was The First World War?
1914 - 1918
What day and year did WWI ended?
11am 11th November 1918
How many people died during the British attack on the Somme in July 1916?
60,000 British casualties on the first day alone
When was the partition of Ireland
1921, a piece of treaty was signed
What were the social changes introduced before the World War I?
Retirement pension
Free school meals

When did Irish became the Irish free state with its own government
1949 Ireland became the Republic of Ireland
What were the effects of the great depression in 1930s?
Badly affected - shipbuilding
Well affected - automobile and aviation industries
When did WW2 happen?
1939 - 1945
When did BBC started its first radio broadcast?
1922
When did the BBC started its television service?
1936
When did Adolf Hitler invade Poland?
1939, Britain and France declared war in order to stop his aggression
When did Winston Churchill become a prime minister?
1940
Who was Winston Churchill?
Became a prime minister in 1940
Lost general election in 1945
Returned as prime minister in 1951
When was Winston Churchill voted as the greatest Briton of all time?
2002
When was the Battle of Britain?
Summer 1940
Was the battle of Britain in the sky or on the water?
In the sky
What was the Blitz?
German air force been able to continue bombing in London and other British cities at night time
What is the Dunkirk spirit?
When civilians evacuated more than 300,000 men from the beaches around Dunkirk during the Second World War.
What is the D-Day?
6th June 1944, Allied forces landed in Normandy, following a victory on the beaches of Normandy
When was Germany defeated during the World War II?
May 1945
Who was Ernest Rutherford?
He was the 1st to “split the atom” which went onto the development of the atomic bomb
Who was Alexander Fleming?
1928, discovered penicillin
What were ‘the Troubles’ about?
Disagreement over Ireland becoming one country
What did Clement Attlee achieved and who was he?
Prime Minister
- NHS
- Secondary school (11 to 16–y-olds)
- Equal rights
Which 3 countries were granted independence in 1947?
India
Pakistan
Ceylon (no Sri Lanka)
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
What is the Beveridge Report 1942?
Report about fighting the five “Giant Evils” of want , disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. 
What was the Butler Act 1944?
Introduced free secondary education in England and Wales
What were the 2 most well-known pop music groups in the “Swinging Sixties” ?
The Beatles
The Rolling Stones
Which social laws became more liberal in the 60s?
Divorce
Abortion
What does the Swinging Sixties mean?
1960s, growth in British fashion, cinema and popular music
Who developed the Concorde?
Britain and France
Who developed the television in the 1920s
John Logie Baird
When was the radar developed by Robert Watson Watt?
1935
What was influential in the development of computer science and the modern day computer?
Turing machine, a mathematical device invented by Alan Turing
When was the jet engine developed?
1930s by Sir Frank Whittle
Who invented the hovercraft in the 1950s?
Sir Christopher Cockrell
Which animal was first cloned by the British scientist Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell?
1996, Dolly the sheep
Who was the inventor of the World Wide Web?
Sir Tim Berners-Lee
When did Britain join EEC, European economic community?
1973
Who was the first female prime minister in 1979?
Margaret Thatcher won the general election following the conservative victory.
Who discovered the DNA in 1953
Francis Crick, was awarded the Noble Prize
When was the first television broadcast between London and Glasgow?
1932
Who invented the cash dispensing ATM?
1960s, James Goodfellow
1967 firstly used by Barclays Bank in Enfield, North London
When was the world first test tube baby born?
1978
What happened in politics in May 2010?
The Conservative and Liberal Democratic party formed a coalition.
