History of the Modern Middle East Flashcards
Ummah
The universal Islamic community
Tanzimat
Reforms taken between 1839-1876 in the Ottoman Empire
A’ayan
The Provincial notables
The young Turks
The ruling force in the ottoman empire b/w 1909/1918
Benedict Anderson
understand the ‘anomaly’ of nationalism
Muhammad Ali Pasha
An albanian.
The 3 major groups of the Ottoman ruling elite
?
The non-muslim inhabitants of the ottoman empire
Organized under the Millet system. Considered subjects of the ottoman state Considered Dhimmis, protected subjects of the OE
Nizam-i-cedid: New order is
Reform program of Sultan selim 3 and his new army
Muhamad Ali’s new western style army
Ulama
Members of the Islamic religious etablishment
Judges teachers, religious scholars, administrators of the religious hierarchy
Orientalism
Book Edward Said 1978 the way the Occident studies, understands, objectifies the orient.
The WEST is Rational, modern advanced entity as opposed to the EAST, sentimental, romantic, traditional, feminine entity
The mandate powers granted the national movements full independence right after the war (1918)
NO, defined as not yet able to stand for themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world NO, the “advanced nations” (mandatory powers) considered this region as having a strategic and financial significance and therefore did not want to leave
According to benny morris “Righteous victims” are
Trying
Albert Hourani in his book is
Trying to describe the changing balance of power in the 18th century. Describing the rise of the notables
The two decrees of the tanzimat period were remarkable since
equality for all subjects
designed by the new reformers Europeanized Ottoman bureaucrats
One of the dvpt of the post Tanzimat period was the growing tension b/w Muslims and Christians. That was the result of
Granting equality to all subjects of the Empire Reforms forced upon the Ottomans subjects from above Reforms backed by European powers
Agreements and understandings achieved during the war had various consequences
The Hussein-MacMahon and Sykes-Picot contradicted each other, and created different set of obligations among Britain and France. Balfour declaration created great discontent among the arabs in Palestine, who viewed it as a pro-jewish and anti-arab what created a future conflict b/w the Zionist movement and Arab national movement.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is considered to be the founder of modern Turkey since he saved T from defeat of WW1. How did he manage to do so ?
change the conditions and humiliating dividing agreements signed after the war military actions to rebel against the government in Istanbul political actions = etablishing the Grand National Assembly that adopted a constitution = right of full Turkish sovereignty over the territories of the empire inhabited by a Turkish majority