History Of The Middle East Flashcards
Which term is closely associated with Peter the Great, Kemal Ataturk, and Shah Palavi?
Westernization
The holy book for Islam
Koran
What are the main similarities of Judaism, christianity and Islam?
- monotheism
- set of rules for moral behavior
- The afterlife, no rebirth
- founded in the middle east
How are the 10 Commandments and the five pillars of faith similar?
They are guidelines for moral conduct
Which middle eastern leader worked to modernize turkey in the 1920s and 1930s?
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Why is the Suez Canal a vital trade route?
It links the Atlantic ocean and the Indian Ocean
What is Mesopotamia?
- First civilization in the Middle East
- means “between two rivers” (between the Tigris and that Euphrates river valleys)
- nickname “fertile crescent”
Which group was a victim of genocide in the ottoman empire during World War I?
Armenian Christians
What were two primary cause of the Iranian Revolution and the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979?
- Shah Reza failed to meet the needs of Muslim teachings
- failed to meet the needs of traditional Muslims
Why was Palastine partitioned in 1947?
Differences between Jews and Muslims
Which event linked European and middle eastern merchants leading to increased trade and cultural diffusion?
Crusades
What 1980’s even in the Middle East disrupted the economic development of Iran and Iraq?
Iran and Iraq war
Describe beliefs of an Islamic fundamentalist
- traditional, orthodox
- anti-westernization (non-modern)
Which two groups is the USA and the UN working to aluminate from Afghanistan?
The Taliban and Al Qaeda
Which term is most associated with Zionist, Palestinian and Kurd desires for independent homelands?
Nationalism
How were the leadership styles of Louis the 16th, Ivan the great, Suleinan the Magnificent, Shah reza Pahlavi, and Saddam Hussein similar?
Ruled without consent, centralized authority (absolute power)
Which 1917 British document promised land to Zionists indirectly leading to the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Balfour Declaration
What was the code of Hammurabi?
- first written set of laws in Babylon
- punishment based on social rank
- very harsh punishments
- “an eye for an eye” “a tooth for a tooth”
List key achievements of the Golden age of Muslim culture
Preservation of ancient Greek and Roman ideas
Term for Jewish nationalism
Zionism
Why did the USA and USSR compete for influence in the middle east during the Cold War?
Strategic location
Why is the Middle East known as a cultural crossroad?
Diversity
Which policy is most associated with the establishment of protectorates in the middle east?
Imperialism
Name the founder of the PLO
Yasir Arafat
Which nation is most associated with the leadership of Saddam Hussein?
Iraq
What is OPEC and how does it have a direct impact on most industrialized nations?
- Organization of petroleum exporting countries
- Monopoly control oil prices and production
Which term is most associated with Muslim nationalism in the Middle East?
Pan Arabism
What event set off the mass migration of Afghan refugees into Pakistan ?
Soviet Union invasion -1979
Which event is most associated with both the Truman doctrine the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
The cold war
What type of group will use bombings, kidnappings, and hijackings to further their cause?
Terrorists
Compare a city state and empire.
- both independent political units, but only an Empire controls many peoples, nations, and states
Which country was established leading to the creation of the West Bank and Gaza strip an d the outbreak of several wars including the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur war?
Israel
The holy book for Christianity
The Bible
Which religion is paired with the Diaspora, Zionism, and the Talmud?
Judaism
The holy book for Judaism
Torah
