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History of the Middle East Flashcards

History of the Middle East

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1
Q

For hundreds of years, the _______ ______ was the dominant player in Southeast Asia (Middle East). At one time, its territory was ___ times the size of Texas and covered what is now ______ and parts of three continents, ______, ____, and ______.

A

Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Europe
Asia
Africa

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2
Q

Before World War l, the Ottoman Empire had lost much of its territory in ________.

A

disputes

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3
Q

After helping win World War l, Great Brittain and France were given permission by The ______ of _______ to decide who would control the Ottoman territory.

A

League of Nations

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4
Q

The process of dividing up control of this territory was known ___________, and the _____ were not consulted!

A

partitioning
Arabs

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5
Q

____________ wound up with the most authority in the Middle East and had the greatest power to draw new ________ _______.

A

Great Britain, National Borders

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6
Q

The region known as Mesopotamia was partitioned into ____, _____, and _______.

A

Iraq, Palestine, Lebanon

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7
Q

The British split away a piece of Palestine and made the new nation of ______.

A

Jordan

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8
Q

After partitioning, the British were in charge in: ____, _________, ______, and part of ___________.

A

Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Saudi Arabia,

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9
Q

The French were in charge of: _______, _____, and part of ______. Russia also had a small part of ______.

A

Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Turkey

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10
Q

Great Britain made sure friendly governments were maintained in the territories it controlled because Britain wanted to keep its ________ in the region and wanted to secure valuable ___ resources.

A

territory, oil

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11
Q

Two main flaws in the way Britain and France partitioned the Middle East were:

A

a. Setting borders period
b. borders were artificial

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12
Q

These flaws and problems set the stage for decades of ___________ by Middle Easterners toward the West.

A

hostility

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13
Q

Many _____________ and ________ conflicts were fought in the region, and fighting over claims for land led to long periods of _________ ________ in the region.

A

Middle Eastern, Civil War,

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14
Q

Some countries fell under years of ____________, as Iraq did with dictator ______ _______.

A

dictatorship, Saddam Hussein

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15
Q

____ and _____ Muslims have been and continue to be in conflict with each other, especially in Iraq, where the British merged them together.

A

Shia, Sunni

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16
Q

____ and ________ lie at the heart of these conflicts in the Middle East.

A

Land, religious

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17
Q

In ____, Palestine was partitioned into Jewish state of ______ and the Arab Muslim state of _________.

A

1948, Israel, Palestine

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18
Q

Palestinians denied the right of Israel to _____ as a ______.

A

exist, nation

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19
Q

Israel was attacked by neighboring Arab countries as soon as it was established. These countries were: _______, _____, ______, _____, and ____.

A

Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq

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20
Q

Palestinians and Israelis who both lived in in the are called the ____ _____ constantly fought.

A

Gaza Strip

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21
Q

Members of the Shiite Muslims group _________ frequently attacked Israel, despite peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan.

A

Hezbollah

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22
Q

Aggressive Iraq ______ have clashed with with _______ in neighboring ____.

A

Sunnis, Shiites, Shia

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23
Q

When Europeans partitioned the regions, the _____ didn’t get their own territory, which has left them vulnerable to extreme ___________.

A

Kurds, persecution

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24
Q

Before he was overthrown and executed, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein attempted to _________ his country’s _______ population

A

eliminate, Kurdish

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25
Q

In recent years, the _____ have been negatively affected by war in _____.

A

Kurds, Syria

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26
Q

____________ is extreme discrimination against the Jews.

A

Antisemitism

27
Q

Christian Europeans in the 1800s and 1900s treated Jews as strange _________ and an ________ race.

A

outsiders, inferirior

28
Q

Some countries refused to allow Jews to own ________ and restricted the number of Jews aloud to _____________.

A

property, attend college

29
Q

In German yin the 1920s and 1930s, antisemitism increased as _____ ______ rose to power in the Nazi Party.

A

Adolf Hitler

30
Q

He believed that Jews were to blame for Germany’s ________ ________ after World War l.

A

economic problems

31
Q

The Nazis forced their anti-Semitic beliefs on the people of the areas they conquered, including ______ and _____.

A

France, Polen

32
Q

Between ____ and ____, waves of Jewish immigrants poured into _________ to escape rising persecution in Europe.

A

1919, 1936, Palestine

33
Q

_______ is the idea that the Jewish people should have a safe home in Palestine and its city of Jerusalem, where they have ancient religious ties, and that this home should be secured by public law

A

Zionism,

34
Q

Because they were upset about the number of Jews moving into Palestine, Arabs began to complain and persuaded the British to stop __________ Zionism.

A

supported

35
Q

One of the darkest chapters in world history is the _________, when the Nazis developed a plan to ___________ all Jews in Europe.

A

Holocaust, exterminate

36
Q

The Holocaust was the Nazis’ “_____ ________” to what Hitler considered Europe’s “______ _______.”

A

final solution, Jewish problem

37
Q

The Jews were were systematically executed by breathing ______ ___ or by ______ _____.

A

poison gas, firing squad

38
Q

By the end of World War ll, more than _ _______ Jews had been killed, and nearly one in four of those was a _____!

A

6 million, child

39
Q
A
40
Q

Starting in the late _____, when America supported the created the creation of Israel, the U.S has tried to play a role in the ________ and __________ of the Middle East.

A

1940s, politics, stability

41
Q

Today, the U.S. intrests in the Middle East center around two things:

A

a. A stable flow of oil
b. security from terrorism

42
Q

In _____ Iraq invaded neighboring ______ because Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein wanted control of its _________ and better access to the Persian Gulf ________ ______.

A

1990s, Kuwait, oil fields, shipping routs

43
Q

Instead of supporting Iraq’s invasion _____ ______ feared that Iraq would move on from Kuwait and invade _____ territory, so it asked the ____________ for help.

A

Saudi Arabia, Saudi, United States

44
Q

Believing Iraq control of Middle Eastern oil would eventually _____ its supply, the U.S. government agreed to help by leading a group of nations to drive Iraq troops out of Kuwait.

A

limit

45
Q

In _______, 199_, the U.S. led operation began, and it lasted only ___ weeks!

A

January 16, 1991 6

46
Q

On their way out of Kuwait, Iraqi troupes _________ oil wells and hinted that they possessed _______________________.

A

set fire to, weapons of mass destruction.

47
Q

The United Nations issued a _____ _______ against Iraq during the Persian Gulf War, and to end it, Iraq would have to _______ any chemical or ________ weapons and stop making any _______ weapons.

A

trade embargo, destroy, biological

48
Q

Iraq allowed the UN inspection teams to enter their country to destroy ___s, but by 1998, some people believed that Saddam Hussein still had ______ ________ of weapons and production facilities. However, others believe that about __% of WMDs had been ________.

A

WMD, hidden reserves, 85, destroyed

49
Q

An extreme Islamic group known as the _______ took power in Afghanistan in the late ____s.

A

Taliban, 1990

50
Q

This group installed a very anti-________ government and protected the __-_____ and its leader, _____ ___ _____.

A

american, AL-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden

51
Q

On September 11, 200_, terrorists attacked the ______________ and the U.S. pentagon, which the U.S. considered acts of ___!

A

1, World Trade
Centers, pentagon, war

52
Q

__ _____ and its leader, Osama bin Laden, claimed responsibility for the attacks.

A

AL-Qaeda

53
Q

To prevent another such attack, the US invaded _________ in November, 200_ 10 ____ the Taliban and to find ___ ________

A

Afghanistan, 1, 2011, bin Laden

54
Q

The Taliban were _______ defeated, but rebuilt their forces in neighboring military posts in ___________, uing ___________________ and ______________ bombs.

A

Quickly, Pakistan, international, Afghanistan, sucide bombers, roadside

55
Q

It took__ years for the US military to find bin Laden, who was shot and killed in _________ during a US military raid.

A

10, Pakistan

56
Q

Believing the Iraq still possessed ___ following the exit of the UN inspectors from Iraq in ____ collation of several Nations led by the United States ______ Iraq.

A

Wmds, 2003, invaded,

57
Q

The goal was to______ Hussein from _____ and to discover any remaining___

A

Remove, power, wmds

58
Q

Hussein was _______, _____, and sentenced to _____ for various war crimes, but WMDs were ____________.

A

Captured, tried, death, not found

59
Q

After Hussein’s capture the US and a coalition from the __ remained in Iraq to _________________________________

A

UN, help astablish a new government.

60
Q

a _________ resistance movement which rose up and attacked American troops along with roadside bombings , ___________, civilian ___ and ____ and battles between ____________________ has made putting iraq back together difficult.

A

guerrilla, unemployment, deaths, inguries, shunni shite

61
Q

in 2005, Iraqis took part in ____ _________ to establish a new ___________ government.

A

free, elections, democratic

62
Q

The US government maintained _______ in Iraq until Iraq police and solders could keep the country ______ and ______.

A

troops, secure, stable

63
Q

US forces left Iraq in ________, 20__.

A

December 2011

64
Q

Divisions between _____ and ____ Muslims threatened to ______ the government again.

A

Sunni, shia, divide

Social Studies (1 decks)

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