History of South Sudan pre 2011

Question 1

What year did Egypt conquer northern parts of Sudan, developing ivory and slave trades?

Answer 1

1820

Question 2

What year were the Nationalist Revolts, led by Muhammed Ahmad Al Mahdi, in opposition to Egyptian and British Rule?

Answer 2

1880s

Question 3

What year were the British and the Egyptians defeated and a theocracy created in Khartoum?

Answer 3

1885

Question 4

When did Britain regain control of South Sudan?

Answer 4

1890s - Led by Lord Kitchener, in 1899 Egypt and Britain agree on joint government of Sudan

Question 5

When did the British Secretary in Khartoum announce the Southern Policy?

Answer 5

1930

Question 6

When did Britain and Khartoum decvided to merge north and south into single administrative region?

Answer 6

1946

Question 7

What was made the language of administration in the South in 1946?

Answer 7

Arabic

Question 8

When did Sudan get independence from the British?

Answer 8

January 1st 1956

Question 9

When was the first civil war in The Sudans?

Answer 9

1955-1972

Question 10

Who were the Anyana?

Answer 10

In 1955, anticipating independence and fearing domination by the north, southern insurgents stage a mutiny in Torit. These early rebels develop a large secessionist movement in the south, called the Anyanya. The Anyanya struggled with a lot of internal factionalism and instability, much like the SPLA would deal with in the second civil war.

Question 11

In 1972, all of the rebel groups merged under what name? (to push for a peace agreement called the Addis Ababa Agreement)

Answer 11

South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM)

Question 12

What did the Addis Ababa agreement achieve?

Answer 12

Considerable autonomy for Southern Sudan, share of natural resources

Question 13

After the Addis Ababa agreement, how long did the conflict stop for?

Answer 13

Ten years

Question 14

Sudan gained legitimacy in peacetime, what happened?

Answer 14

Western countried begin supplying government with arm and the country is embroiled in cold war politics. The US sells Sudan lots of weapons hoping to counter Soviet support of Marxist Ethiopians and Libyans.

Question 15

In 1978 who found large oil fields in the Upper Nile Region and southern Kordofan region?

Answer 15

Chevron

Question 16

What year did Khartoum attempt to redraw the boundaries of Southern Sudan?

Answer 16

1980

Question 17

Why did Khartoum redraw the boundaries of Southern Sudan?

Answer 17

Because oil was found throughout the South

Question 18

What is the Muglad basin?

Answer 18

The Muglad Basin is an area near the north-south border that was claimed by Khartoum and renamed, using the Arabic word for “unity.”

Question 19

When was the second civil war?

Answer 19

1983 - 2005

Question 20

What did repeated violations of the Addis Ababa agreement result in? (in the late 70s)

Answer 20

Increased unrest in the South

Question 21

What year did Batallion 105 get attacked and flee to Ethiopia?

Answer 21

June 1983

Question 22

What was Batallion 105?

Answer 22

A military unit comprised of mainly ex-Anyana troops that refused to move to the North and were attacked in June 1983

Question 23

Who was John Garang?

Answer 23

The founder of the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army

Question 24

When was the SPLA formed?

Answer 24

1983

Question 25

What were the September Laws?

Answer 25

A set of decrees issued by Nimeiry that imposed Sharia law throughout the country

Question 26

Who were the Lost Boys of South Sudan?

Answer 26

The Lost Boys of Sudan was the name given to a group of over 20,000 boys of the Nuer and Dinka ethnic groups. These boys were displaced or orphaned during the Second Sudanese Civil War (1987–2005) in which about 2 million were killed and others were severely affected.[1] The name “Lost Boys of Sudan” was colloquially used by aid workers in the refugee camps where the boys resided in Africa. Many believe the term was initially derived from the children’s story of Peter Pan.[2] The term was revived, as children fled the post-independence violence of South Sudan with Sudan during 2011–13

Question 27

When did Omar al-Bashir seize power in Khartoum?

Answer 27

1989

Question 28

What kind of governemt did Omar al-Bashir instate in Sudan?

Answer 28

The new government fiercely enforces Islamic code throughout Sudan, banning trade unions, political parties, and other “non-religious” institutions

Question 29

What year did Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya start accepting Sudanese refugees?

Answer 29

1992

Question 30

When was the IGAD peace agreement pursued?

Answer 30

1993

Question 31

When does the US launch a missile attack on a pharmacuetical factory outside of Khartoum, and why?

Answer 31

1998, they claimed they thought Khartoum was developing chemical weapons

Question 32

In 2001 there was a terrible famine in Sudan, how many people were effected?

Answer 32

3 million

Question 33

When did the Darfur conflict begin?

Answer 33

February 2003

Question 34

When was peace brokered between Southern rebels adn the government fo Sudan?

Answer 34

2005

Question 35

What was the Nairobi Comprehensive Peace Agreement?

Answer 35

The Nairobi Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) is signed, granting autonomy to the south for a six-year trial period, after which the south will have the opportunity to vote to secede. The agreement calls for a permanent ceasefire and sharing of oil revenues. Islamic law remains in effect in the north, while its use in the south is decided regionally.

Question 36

When did John Garang die?

Answer 36

2005 in a helicopter crash

Question 37

What happened in April 2010?

Answer 37

Sudan holds its first national elections in over 20 years. Key opposition parties boycott at the last minute charging election fraud. Omar Hassan al-Bashir wins Presidency of Sudan with 68% of the vote. Salva Kiir wins Presidency of the Government of Southern Sudan with 75% of the vote.

Question 38

When was the vote for secession?

Answer 38

January 9th 2011

Question 39

When did South Sudan become its own country?

Answer 39

July 9th 2011