History of Sociology

Question 1

Sosyoloji çalışmaları hangi tarihe dayanıyor

Answer 1

17. yüzyıl

Question 2

what are the imp forces behind the development of sociology?

Answer 2

state centralization (17th century onwards)
enlıghtment (disc of universal laws of nature) (17th 18th century)
market integration (17th century onwards, esp 18th century onwards due to industrial revolution)

Question 3

ne zamana kadar pozitive yaklaşımlar alanı domine etti?

Answer 3

until the late 19th century and early 20th century.

Question 4

what are other important dsciplines for soc.?

Answer 4

pyhsics and statics

Question 5

positif inclinationun getirdiği 2 büyük problem nedir?

Answer 5

social engineering and impossibilty of universal laws

Question 6

what does inclination mean

Answer 6

eğilim, heves, meil
a feeling that you want to do sth

Question 7

what are the main arguments of state centralization?

Answer 7

society is a consequence of modern state formation
topluşuktan topluma
this is not an evolutionary prcess. it required major inventions and disruptions.

Question 8

why did states need to know their populations characteristics’?

Answer 8

taxation, conscription, development, reform, welfare

Question 8

sosyoloji the term had a semantic shift to refer to large groups of people sharing certain characteristics, traits anlamına hangi yüzyılda kavuştu?

Answer 8

17. yüzyıl

Question 9

what does conscription mean?

Answer 9

mecburi askerlik

Question 10

what are the main arguments of market integration?

Answer 10

integrated markets at the national level changed people’s daily lives and identities
Communication networks; standardization of laws; need for common currencies and units; linguistic homogenization and simplification etc.
the Industrial Revolution (1760s onwards) accelerated these trends immensely.

Question 11

sanayi devrimi nasıl transformasyonlara sebebiyet verdi?

Answer 11

massive demographic, economic, political and social transformations.

Question 11

bu değişimleri anlamlı hale getirmeye çalışan sosyologlar kim

Answer 11

marx, weber, durkheim

Question 12

marx, weber ve durkheim temel olarak hangi konuları işliyorlardı

Answer 12

marx. classes
durkheim. collective conscienc
weber. interest or tradition or affect all of them as a basis of sociality

Question 13

dissolution

Answer 13

dağılma, son bulma

Question 14

what are the main arguments for enlightment?

Answer 14

The discovery of the laws of nature motivated intellectuals to discover the ‘laws of society’
They used physics as their blueprint to create ‘social physics’
And this ‘social physics’ had normative concerns from the beginning:
The dissolution of traditional, aristocratic orders posed the question: What are the foundational principles of social order? What should be the agreed behavioral norms?

Question 15

what is the main factor that has enormous impact on how people thought of the natural as well as the social world.

Answer 15

newtonian physics

Question 16

who is the most important person in developing the view that social laws could be uncovered with statistics?

Answer 16

Quetelet

Question 17

19. yüzyılda darwinin teorisiyle this ‘mechanismic’ and ‘statistical’ view of society ortaya çıkan kavramlar nelerdir

Answer 17

racism and eugenics

Question 18

eugenics nedir

Answer 18

Öjenik, kaba hâliyle ilk kez Platon tarafından ortaya atılmış, ancak modern anlamıyla ilk olarak Sir Francis Galton tarafından formüle edilmiş, sağlıksız ceninleri ayırıp sağlıklı ceninler yetiştirmenin yollarını arayan, bilimselliği tartışmalı bir toplumsal akım veya toplumsal felsefedir.

Question 19

herbert spencer’in benimsediği düşünce akımı nedir ve kısaca bu düşünce akımının amacı nedir

Answer 19

social darwinism and evrim teorisini sadece biyolojiyle sınırlamayıp sosyal bilimlere de uygulama fikrini öne sürmüştür.

Question 20

why is the attempt to discern ‘universal, fundamental laws’ futile?

Answer 20

everything is contextual and contingent.