History of Rock midterm Flashcards
A short and distinctive melodic figure. Not a complete melody, but it may be employed as part of a melody, either vocally or instrumentally.
Riff
Song structure that consists of a series of verses, all of which use the same underlying music. Contains no chorus or bridge sections, though the verses may contain a refrain.
simple verse form
Song structure that consists of multiple sections, employing a contrast of musical material. the form consists of these contrasting verses and chorus presented in alternation, though more than one verse may occur before the chorus.
contrasting verse chorus form
A structure that forms the musical basis for many verses, choruses, and even bridges in rock music. it can be divided into three 4-bar phrases.
12 bar blues
Within black culture at mid-century, this was a well-established musical tradition of songs that poked fun at various aspects of adult relationships, mostly centered on sexual relations and the many situations that can arise in this contexts. Stemmed from the minstrelsy tradition. Double meanings.
hokum blues
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regional radio and records
A 1955 movie that gave rise to adult concerns when teenage viewers got rowdy as the song “Rock Around the Clock” was played in the film. The movie was about the perils of juvenile delinquency in an urban high school setting.
blackboard jungle
This musician, songwriter, and bandleader, known as “the King of the Jukebox” was highly popular with both black and white audiences in the later years of the swing era. He adopted the fast tempos of swing dance music but pared down the instrumentation to only a rhythm section and saxophone. Vocal delivery was upbeat and often comical, featured humorous lyrics touching on social issues such as racism and poverty.
louis jordan
One of the countries leading guitarists during the big band era. One of the first to experiment with the solid-body electric guitar. One of the first to experiment with sound-on-sound recording. “overdubbing”.
les paul
One of the first “rock and rollers” to cross over. Refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, with lyrics focusing on teen life and consumerism and music featuring guitar solos.
chuck berry
One of the most flamboyant performers in the early years of rock and roll.
little richard
Left sun records, as his recording contract was eventually sold to RCA Victor Records for $35,000 in 1955.
elvis presley
Founded in 1952 by Sam Phillips, discovered and first recorded such influential musicians as Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Johnny Cash.
sun records
Pop singer in the US during the 1950s and early 60s. Second biggest charting artist of the late 1950s behind Elvis Presley. This performer cultivated a polite, clean-cut personal image.
pat boone
An american radio and television personality, best known for hosting American Bandstand. He introduced rock & roll to many Americans.
dick clark
The illegal practice of payment or other inducement by record companies for the broadcast of recordings on commercial radio in which the song is presented as being part of the normal day’s broadcast.
payola
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brill building
American record producer, musician, and songwriter who developed the wall of sound.
phil spector
An american record company, nicknamed off of detroit michigan. Played an important role in the racial integration of popular music. Also a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence.
motown
An american record company. major factor in the creation of southern soul and memphis soul music. Also released gospel, funk, jazz, and blues recordings. Founded by two white sibling and business partners Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton.
stax
His recordings were produced by Stax Records and was one of the most important Stax artists during the 1960s. His success brought the “stax sound” to a national audience. His gospel influenced vocals, combined with the driving accompaniment of Booker T. & the MG’s, produced a style of southern soul that seemed less polished but more heartfelt and urgent than the slicker records coming out of Motown.
otis redding
Had a core of fine studio musicians, the most important of whom were guitarist Jimmy Johnson, keyboardist Spooner Oldham, and drummer Roger Hawkins.
muscle shoals
An american singer-songwriter and musician. Began her career singing gospel. Later went on to Columbia Records, then Atlantic Records and achieved commercial acclaim and success. Known as the Queen of Soul.
aretha franklin
The Beach Boys album that set a new standard for record production and musical sophistication within rock music. Brian Wilson had spent long hours working in the studio experimenting with new sounds, come of which he considered his “pet” sounds.
pet sounds
An English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. Built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg.
the beatles
An English rock band formed in London in 1962.
the rolling stones
An American folk singer and social activist. In the 1960s he was a prominent singer of protest music in support of international disarmament, civil rights, counterculture, and environmental causes.
pete seeger
An American singer-songwriter. Has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades. Some of his songs became anthems for the american civil rights and anti war movements. Shocked audiences with the electric guitar.
bob dylan
When Bob Dylan played at this event, he created controversy with his electric instruments.
newport folk festival
This is the name given to a subculture of people, originating in the 1960s, who often use hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, mescaline and peyote. The term is also used to describe a style of music that tries to recreate or reflect the experience of altered consciousness. Uses distorted electric guitar, dian music elements such as the sitar, electronic effects, sound effects and reverberation, and elaborate studio effects, such as playing tapes backwards or panning the music from one side to another.
psychedelia
An English rock band formed in London. Achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music.
pink floyd
An American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music.
jimi hendrix
An American singer considered the premier female blues vocalist of the sixties; her raw, powerful and uninhibited singing style, combined with her turbulent and emotional lifestyle, made her one of the biggest female stars in her lifetime.
janis joplin
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monterey pop festival
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woodstock
