History Of Radthera

Question 1

Who first discovered x-ray

Answer 1

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 2

What year was x-ray discovered

Answer 2

1895

Question 3

Who discovered radium and polonium

Answer 3

Marie Curie

Question 4

Who first discovered the treatment for lupus vulgaris and on what year

Answer 4

Leopold Freund and Eduard Schiff 1896

Question 5

Who first discovered the treatment for lupus erythematosus and what year

Answer 5

Leopold Freund and Eduard Schiff 1898

Question 6

______ reported first CA cured by radiation and on what year

Answer 6

Thor stenbeck, 1899

Question 7

On what year did ______ observed the first physiological effects of radium

Answer 7

Otto walkoff 1890

Question 8

He place radium on his pocket and on what year

Answer 8

Henri Becquerel 1901

Question 9

Law of bergonie and tribondeau

Answer 9

1906

Question 10

developed and patented dioradin and what year

Answer 10

Bela Agustin and A de szendeffy 1911

Question 11

implemented fractionated radiation therapy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma and on what year

Answer 11

Regaud and Henri Coutard 1920

Question 12

Co-60

Answer 12

1951

Question 13

Medical Linac were used

Answer 13

1950

Question 14

Combined surgery and moderate dose of radiation

Mv linac and on what yeaar

Answer 14

Gilbert Fletcher, 1960

Question 15

CT simulator

Answer 15

1980

Question 16

What year was cyclotron invented and Cyclotron was invented by

Answer 16

1931, Ernest Laurence

Question 17

Who constructed betaron and on what year

Answer 17

D.W kerst, 1940

Question 18

Also known as: Radiation Oncology

Answer 18

Radiation therapy

Question 19

Dose of radiation that result in the death of cancer cells.

Answer 19

Cancercidal dose

Question 20

General Objectives:

Answer 20

To deliver maximum dose to the tumor while giving the minimum dose to the surrounding normal tissues or cells”

Question 21

aims of radiation therapy

Answer 21

Curative
Prophylactic
Palliative

Question 22

Transmissions of cells or group of cells from primary tumor to site/s elsewhere in the body.

Answer 22

Metastasis

Question 23

4 specific modes of treatment

Answer 23

Surgery
Cytotoxic drugs
Radiation therapy
Hormone treatment

Question 24

Classification of treatment

Answer 24

Radical
Palliative

Question 25

Dose amount given depends on

Answer 25

Size of tumor Extent of tumor Type of tumor

Question 26

Who are the person involved

Answer 26

Medical physicist Medical dosimetrist Oncology nurse Radiation therapist

Question 27

responsible for calibration and maintenance of the radiation-producing equipment.

Answer 27

Medical physicist

Question 28

person responsible for the calculation of the proper radiation treatment dose

Answer 28

Medical dosimetrist

Question 29

person trained to assist and take directions from radiation oncologist in the use of ionizing radiation for the treatment of disease.

Answer 29

Radiation therapist

Question 30

Educating patient about potential radiation side effects and assisting patients with the management of the side effects.

Answer 30

Oncology nurse

Question 31

Variation of normal growth

Answer 31

Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Neoplasia

Question 32

2 classification of neoplasm

Answer 32

Benign Malignant

Question 33

What are the carcinogen

Answer 33

Chronic irratation Radiation Infection Hormone Worm Virus

Question 34

Spread of cancer may occur in several ways

Answer 34

Local invasion Through lymph nodes vessel Through blood vessels Across cavities

Question 35

Division of cancer

Answer 35

Carcinoma Sarcoma Reticulosis

Question 36

Methods of early detection

Answer 36

Periodical medical examination Cytological examination Radiological examination Highly specialized technique

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of cancer

Answer 37

C- hange in bowel A- sore that never heals U-nusual vaginal discharge T-hicking or lump in breast I-ndigestion difficulty of swallowing O-bvious changes in the size/color of warts/mole N-agging cough or hoarseness U-nexplained anemia S-udden weight loss

Question 38

Two types of radiation therapy

Answer 38

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) BRACHYTHERAPY

Question 39

Radiation source is far from the body

Answer 39

Teletherapy

Question 40

Radiation source is direct/near the tumor

Answer 40

BRACHYTHERAPY

Question 41

Two types of radiation

Answer 41

Particulate radiation Electromagnetic radiation

Question 42

§ Radiation that travels in a space processing either mass or charge or both Processess high KE( kinetic energy)

Answer 42

Particulate radiation

Question 43

Radiation that travels in a wave form, accompanied by electrical and magnetic field Possess potential energy

Answer 43

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 44

the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy

Answer 44

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 45

Longer wavelength

Answer 45

RF Infrared light Visible light UV

Question 46

ranging from the long waves through the broad cast band to short waves and ultra short waves in radar - used for transmissions of data, via modulation. Television, mobile phones, wireless networking and amateur radio all use radio waves

Answer 46

Radio frequency

Question 47

these are produced by molecular vibration and the excitation of the outer electrons of the atom. Its heating effect utilized in Physical therapy.

Answer 47

Infrared light

Question 48

ranging from red, orange, yellow, green and blue to violet - transmitted by materials such as glass and steel - can be used in surgery as LASER

Answer 48

Visible light

Question 49

produced by the excitation of our electrons in an atom - it is higher that the frequency of ultraviolet coming from the SUN. It is induced the human body tp produced Vit. D

Answer 49

Ultra Violet

Question 50

Shorter wave

Answer 50

X-ray Gamma rays

Question 51

produced when the fast-moving electron interact with a high atomic level energy: 1 KeV – 50 MeV Diagnostic: 25 kVp – 150 kVp

Answer 51

X-ray

Question 52

Emitted during Isomeric Transition in radionuclides no mass, no charge and only in Nuclear EMR.

Answer 52

Gamma rays

Question 53

Classifications of radiation according to its ionizing ability

Answer 53

Non-ionizing Ionizing radiation

Question 54

radiation is not capable of ionization (first 4 in EM spectrum/longer wavelength)

Answer 54

Non-ionizing radiation

Question 55

capable of ionization a. X-ray b. gamma ray c. alpha d. negatron e. positron f. neutron

Answer 55

Ionizing radiation

Question 56

Radiation interaction with matter

Answer 56

Compton interaction Rayleigh's scattering Photoelectric effect Pair production Photodisintegration

Question 57

change in direction of photons caused by the interaction between photons and matter • No ionization, only excitation

Answer 57

Rayleigh scattering

Question 58

Electrons from the outer orbital shell are deflected by the same electron causing to travel in a new direction as scattered or secondary radiation - most hazardous to radiation worker due to scatter radiation

Answer 58

Compton interaction

Question 59

first observed by Heinrich Hertz - occurs when the incident x-ray is totally absorbed during the ionization of an inner shell electron.- good effect: produces good radiograph or gives contras

Answer 59

Photoelectric effect

Question 60

occurs in x-rays that have energies greater than 1.022 MeV - Each electron (negatron or negative electron and positron or positive electron) possesses 0.511 MeV - important in PET facility - does not occur in diagnostic radiology

Answer 60

Pair production

Question 61

photon absorbed by the nucleus and the nuclear fragment is emitted - the energy required to undergo this interaction is greater than or equal to 7-10 Mev

Answer 61

Photodisintegration

Question 62

Who invented the cerrobend blocks

Answer 62

Barnabas wood