History of PT

Question 1

3000 BC

Answer 1

Chinese: early indicators of hydrotherapy, massage, body positioning and breathing to reduce pain

Question 2

400 BC Hippocrates

Answer 2

father of medicine; used muscle strengthening, balance exercise of pt; deep friction massage for ligament/tendon tears, 1st to use electrotherapy

Question 3

early books taught…

Answer 3

“give the body lightness and vigor and cleans the muscles and ligaments of their waste”

Question 4

1700’s US

Answer 4

massage, exercise, hydrotherapy began to be widely used/recommended. Exercise equipment being invented in Europe & US

Question 5

2 major events contributed to creation of PT

Answer 5

Between 1914-1916

Polio epidemic and WWI

Question 6

recognized as 1st physical therapist

Answer 6

Mary McMillian; 1915; a reconstruction aide

Question 7

1917 and Congress

Answer 7

passes legislation to rehabilitate soldiers returning from WWI who were permanently disabled from injuries

Question 8

1918

Answer 8

1st PT course organized at Walter Reed Hospital to train reconstruction aides, expanded to college institutions, standards set by Surgeon General

Question 9

1800’s

Answer 9

“gymnastic movement: from Swede, Per Ling Henrick. Development of swedish massage, medical gymnastics, passive and active movements. Required 1 on 1 trainer.

Question 10

1864

Answer 10

Swedish physician Gustav Zander invented exercise machines to eliminate 1 on 1 trainer (71 machines)

Question 11

1890’s

Answer 11

Electrotherapy began to be used in US (static mostly) and American Electro-theraputic Association was formed. Nikola Tesla introduced diathermy.

Question 12

Reconstruction Aides

Answer 12

women’s PE teachers; used Ling’s methods and Zander’s machines, games, group activities, sports
worked under physicians; mostly single women from age 25-40

Question 13

Mary McMillian

Answer 13

degree in PE; post graduate degree in physical therapy (england); joined army in 1918; worked at Walter Reed general hosp; taught in Oregon; Chief Reconstruction Aide in the dept of physiotherapy at Walter Reed General hosp

Question 14

1928

Answer 14

council on physical therapy established in AMA - established standards for PT education programs and requirements

Question 15

1940-1945

Answer 15

physical therapy services provided by physiatrist referral only

Question 16

1940’s

Answer 16

officially physical therapists

Question 17

licensure began…

Answer 17

in 1913 in PA, 1926 in NY, by 1959 most other states

Question 18

1967

Answer 18

physical therapy assistant concept was born - APTA approved the dev of this branch of the profession

Question 19

1969

Answer 19

name changed to physical therapist assistant; 15 people graduated with assoc degree from 2 programs

Question 20

1970

Answer 20

9 programs running; PTA’s get their own membership status in APTA

Question 21

July 2009

Answer 21

287 PTA programs running, PT programs: 11 masters, 209 DPT

Question 22

1980’s

Answer 22

education for PT’s move to masters degree, policy statement for use of PTA’s is established, Standards for Ethical conduct for PTA’s adopted; APTA becomes accrediting agency for PT and PTA education