History of Psychology

Question 1

Psychology is the study of?

Answer 1

Philosophy and Science

Question 2

Psychology is the scientific study of?

Answer 2

Mind and Behavior

Question 3

Psychological science emphasizes ?

Answer 3

careful observation,
precise description,
operational definition,
measurements,
statistical analysis

Question 4

The philosophy end of Psychology
1. dates back to?
2. with who?
3. one important person in this time
4. what developments were we looking at

Answer 4

17th and 18th century
Aristotle and Plato
Rene Descartes
Nature and Nurture
Mind and Body

Question 5

The science end of Psychology had 4 research’s, what were they?
and with who?

Answer 5

1. learning and measuring spinal cord reflexes.
2. Localization of functions within the brain
   - Pierre Flourens — ablation technique
   - Paul Broca — language centers the brain
3. Measuring the speed of action potentials
   - Hermon von Helmholtz – measured speed of information flow in CNS
4. Realizing we are like animals.
   - Charles Darwin — ideas of evolution through natural selection . function or purpose for behavior.

Question 6

Structuralism
Who?

Answer 6

Identify the basic parts or structure of the conscious mind.

Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchener
Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 7

Functionalism
Who?

Answer 7

Describes how the conscious mind aids adaptation to an environment

William James
Mary Wilton Calkins

Question 8

Psychoanalytic theory
Who?

Answer 8

Understand how unconscious thoughts cause psychological disorders

Sigmund Freud
Anna Freud

Question 9

Gestalt Theory
Who?
opposite of?

Answer 9

Study individuals’ personal perception as a unified whole

Max Wertheimer
Wolfgang Kohler

opposite of structualism

goal to discover how conscious mind operates as a whole.

Question 10

Behaviorism
who? when ?

Answer 10

Describe the behavior in relation to environmental stimuli

John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
dominated in the 1960

Question 11

What is Pre structualism

Answer 11

experimental psychology started with

Question 12

What is the school of thought

Answer 12

These philosophical and scientific roots provided for the establishment of the School of Thought in psychology

Question 13

Wilhelm Wundt , Who is he?

Answer 13

• First psychology lab in 1879 Leipzig Germany
• First textbook for psychology (defining it as a science)
  Purpose of this laboratory?
  Identify the basic parts, or structures of the conscious mind (structuralism )
• Reaction time
• Introspection methods
  o Self-report of individual perceptual experiences

Question 14

Edward Titchener

Answer 14

student of Wundt and was a Structualism
explored the mind through introspection

Question 15

William James

Answer 15

functionalism
argued that the mind was more complex and the elements could not be broken down.
- established the first laboratory in United States
influenced by Darwin

Question 16

Later school of thought?

Answer 16

Humanistic and Cognitive

Question 17

Humanistic
Who?

Answer 17

Investigate how people become happier and more fulfilled; focuses on people’s goodness.

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers

Positive psychology

Question 18

Cognitive
Who?

Answer 18

Explores internal mental process that influences behavior.

George Miller
Ulric Neisser

process of how people learn, process, and remember information.