Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VED 104 > History Of Psychology > Flashcards

History Of Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

The end of the 19th century marks the start of as a scientific enterprise.

A

Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study, because in that year founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig).

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Influence has been enormous, though more as cultural icon than a force in (scientific) psychology.

A

Freud’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Freud‘s basic theories postulated the existence in human of….

A

Various of unconscious and instinctive “drives” and that the “self”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is “drives”?

A

Self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Century saw a rejection of Freud’s theories as being too unscientific, and a reaction against Edward Titchener’s abstract approach to the mind.

A

20th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This led to the formulation of by John B. Watson.

A

Behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scientific knowledge of the “mind” was considered too, hence impossible to achieve.

A

Metaphysical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying, known collectively as cognitive science.

A

Human Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cognitive science again considers the “mind” as a subject for investigation using the tools of, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neurobiology.

A

Evolutionary Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Ebers papyrus (ca 1550 BC) contains a short description of

A

Clinical Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The German scholastic philosopher Rudolph Goclenius was the first to use the term psychology in…. (YEAR)

A

1590

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The root of the word psychology (psyche) means….

A

Soal or Spirit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Important and enduring beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or desirable and what is not.

A

Values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exert major influence on the behaviour of an individual and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.

A

Values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Values are representations of desirable

A

Cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What we believe we ought to do

A

Values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What we naturally tend to do

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Traits do not conflict with one another

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do conflict

A

Values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Explore the relation between values and common behaviours

A

Value Expressive Behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which expresses motivational goals and normative pressures, and in turn affects our social perceptions, interactions and choices.

A

Behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Traits can be seen to interact in a way which makes sense.

A

Values and Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Can be seen to contribute to values held it effects social choices, which can lead to value development

A

Trait Openness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Have a role in a goal accomplishment

A

Values and Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Can be seen to interact

A

Values and Behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 Openness Change

A

Self Direction
Stimulation
Hedonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2 Self Enhancement

A

Achievement
Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2 Self Transcendence

A

Universalism
Ben evolence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

3 Conversation

A

Conformity
Tradition
Security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

2 Types of Motivation

A

Internal -(loob) want to do it
External

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

2 types of Relationship

A

Intrapersonal - relationship with our self
Interpersonal - relationship with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is home?

A

Family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is house?

A

Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

2 types of Values

A

Positive and Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

You must retrieve the information from your memory. Fill in the blank or essay tests.

A

Recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

You must identify the target from possible targets. Multiple choice tests.

A

Recognition

38
Q

Is a theory of learning that explains how stimuli that enter our memory systems are selected and organized for storage and retrieved from memory

A

Information Processing

39
Q

The processing of information into the memory system.

A

Encoding

40
Q

The retention of encoded material over time.

A

Storage

41
Q

The process of getting the information out of memory storage

A

Retrieval

42
Q

Is the initial processing that transforms these incoming stimuli into information so we can make sense of them.

A

Sensory Memory

43
Q

Refers only to the temporary storage of information in memory.

A

Short Term Memory

44
Q

A permanent information store

A

Long Term Memory

45
Q

worked for several decades on understanding children’s cognitive development

A

Swiss Psychology

46
Q

Most widely known theory of cognitive development

A

Piaget

47
Q

Assumption that learning is an active process of construction rather than a passive assimilation of information or rote memorization.

A

Constructivism

48
Q

Best known for idea that individuals _____ their understanding, that learning is a _____ process

A

Construct and constructive

49
Q

Believe ____ learning is constructed, whether it is something we are taught or something we learn on our own.

A

All

50
Q

2 mains states….

A

Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

51
Q

Assimilation and accommodation
- We adjust our ideas to make sense of reality

A

Equilibration

52
Q

Process of matching external reality to an existing cognitive structure.

A

Assimilation

53
Q

When there’s an inconsistency between the learner’s cognitive structure and the thing being learned the child will reorganize her thoughts.

A

Accommodation

54
Q

Piaget’s Four Stages

A

Sensory Motor (birth - 2 years)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operations (12-15)

55
Q

Birth to about 2 years, rapid change is seen throughout

A

Sensorimotor Stage

56
Q

Happens one stage to another through interaction with the environment

A

Development

57
Q

From stage to stage may occur abruptly and kids will differ in how long they are in each stage.

A

Changes

58
Q

Development can only happen after genetically controlled biological growth occurs

A

Cognitive

59
Q

Development leads to _____

A

Learning

60
Q

Virtue of Hope

A

Trust Vs Mistrust

61
Q

Virtue of will

A

Autonomy Vs Shame and Doubt

62
Q

Virtue of purpose

A

Initiative Vs Guilt

63
Q

Virtue of competence

A

Industry Vs Inferiority

64
Q

Virtue of fidelity

A

Identity Vs Role Confusion

65
Q

Virtue of love

A

Intimacy Vs Isolation

66
Q

Virtue of care

A

Generativity Vs Stagnation

67
Q

Virtue of wisdom

A

Ego Integrity Vs Despair

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The mind is so powerful

A

True

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Personality and values are related to each other

A

True

70
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Values influence our behavior

A

True

71
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
Values only refer to the standard of judgement

A

False

72
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
There are two types of motivation

A

True

73
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
Personality is the natural acts and actions of a person.

A

True

74
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
Openness to change stimulates our self direction.

A

True

75
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
Self enhancement gives us conflict

A

False

76
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
Openness affects our socialization

A

True

77
Q

TRUE OF FALSE
The behavior does not affect the motivational goals of a person

A

False

78
Q

The social learning theory proposed by…. Has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.

A

Albert Bandura

79
Q

Believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.

A

Bandura

80
Q

His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.

A

Social Learning Theory

81
Q

Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.

A

Social Learning Theory

82
Q

People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors.

A

Social Learning Theory

83
Q

Explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences.

A

Social Learning Theory

84
Q

Posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling.

A

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

85
Q

Bandura believed in ““, that is, the world and a person’s behavior cause each other, while behaviorism essentially states that one’s environment causes one’s behavior.

A

Reciprocal determinism

86
Q

Who was studying adolescent aggression, found this too simplistic, and so in addition he suggested that behavior causes environment as well.

A

Bandura

87
Q

Bandura soon considered personality as an interaction between three components:

A

The environment
Behavior
One’s psychological

One’s ability to entertain images in minds and language.

88
Q

Social learning theory has sometimes benn called a between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

A

Bridge

89
Q

Various factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid. Includes distinctiveness, affective valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value.

A

Attention

90
Q

Remembering what you paid attention to. Includes symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal.

A

Retention

91
Q

Reproducing the image. Including physical capabilities, and self observation of reproduction.

A

Reproduction

92
Q

Having a good reason to imitate. Includes motives such as a past (i.e. traditional behaviorism), promised (imagined incentives) and vicarious (seeing and recalling the reinforced model).

A

Motivation

VED 104 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions