History of Programming Languages Flashcards
1
Q
Plankalkul
A
- First programming language
- “programming Calculus”
- Theoretical language, not implemented
- by Zuse, Germany, 1945
2
Q
Minimal Hardware Programming
A
- Machine Code Programming
- -Use of punch cards
- early computers
- late 40’s early 50’s
3
Q
Fortran
A
- First high level language
- formula translating system
- IBM, John Backus, 1954
- Designed for scientific computing
- early version - statement programming beginning of subprogram
- many versions I-IV, 77, 90, 95, 2003, 2008
- recent versions have advanced features
- still used to develop scientific software
4
Q
lisp
A
- Functional programming language
- MIT, IBM, John Macarthy, 1958
- based on list processing - program and data represented using lists
- many variations including common lisp, scheme, haskell, ML
5
Q
Algol
A
- Algorithmic Language
- includes many important features
- subprograms
- block structure, local scope
- recursive procedures
- first language that is machine independent and that describes syntax formally using BNF
- influenced future languages - C, C++, Java
- Developed by committees in Europe/US 1958
6
Q
Cobol
A
- Business application language
- IBM, 1960
- Not for general purpose programming
- Still used in some business application
- it was blamed for many Y2K problems
7
Q
Basic
A
- Beginning all purpose symbolic instruction code
- For teaching liberal arts students
- Developed at Dartmouth College, 1963
8
Q
PL/1
A
- Combines ideas from Fortran, Cobol, Algol to create a general purpose language
- Many advanced features: pointers, exceptions, recursion, concurrency,
- Too complex at the time
- IBM, 1963
9
Q
Simula
A
- First object oriented language (by accident)
- Designed for large simulation applications
- Norway, 1965
- Influenced future object oriented languages
10
Q
Pascal
A
- Descended from Algol
- Simplicity and expressiveness
- By Niklaus Wirth, early 70’s
- Popular teaching language until the early 90’s
11
Q
ADA
A
- Descended from Pascal
- Supported by US defense development, 1980
- To standardize the software development
- Some object oriented style, exception handling, packages, concurrency.
12
Q
Prolog
A
- Logic based languages
- Mostly for artificial intelligence applications
- developed in Europe-France-England, 1973
13
Q
SmallTalk
A
- another early object oriented language
- Strictly enforces object orientation
- Xerox Park Research, Alan Kay, 1980
14
Q
C
A
- General Purpose langrage
- Simplicity and expressiveness
- Bell labs, Dennis Ritchie, 1972
- Designed for unix systems programming
- Based on Algol and B languages
15
Q
C++
A
- Modern object oriented language
- Bell Labs, Stroustrup, 1985
- Based on C and Simula
- C++ contains C
