History of programming Flashcards
When was the first computer program created?
What was it used for?
1842 by Ada Lovelace calculating Bernoulli numbers
How was the programming bug discovered?
By finding a real bug.
Name 2 computing pioneers.
Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) Grace Hopper (1906-1992)
First Software Engineer and what did they design.
Margaret Hamilton. Designed Apollo Guidance computer to run tasks by real-time priority instead of expected sequence.
What did early programming during the 1940s to 1960s focused on?
Language structure, instruction set, and investing key elements like variables, sorting, binary tree, modular programs, subroutines, breakpoints/debugging, and compiles.
What did the 1970s introduce to programming?
{ scope } instead of GOTO / label
When was C founded and by who?
1978 by Kernighan & Ritchie
What did the 1980s introduce to programming?
Language standards, libraries, data I/O via database.
What did the 1990s introduce to programming?
GUIs & event-driven programming, the rise of the Internet, and object-orientation
What did the 2000s introduce to programming?
Object-Oriented Programming became mainstream.
What is a platform?
OS + hardware
What is low-level?
runs directly on the hardware (Assembly, C, C++ runs directly on x86 architecture, not the OS)
What is High-Level?
run on the OS using services of Low-Level code
What is Interpreted/Scripting Languages?
line-by-line execution of source code. Not compiled, slower but flexible. Variables dynamically typed at run time.
What is Domain-Specific Language?
Languages that exist inside an application.
Name a few Domain-Specific Languages?
Command Language, Interpreter (CLI), Data-Oriented languages like SQL.
What are compiled languages?
Languages that are translated into machine-specific instructions from source code.
Hybrid Languages?
first compiled into platform-neutral bytecode and then interpreted by a virtual machine for the local platform.
Name 3 non-programming languages.
HTML, CSS, XML
What is internal hardware?
Devices reside inside the computer case like the motherboard and NIC.
Name a few processing hardware,
CPU, ALU, FPU, and GPU
What do we mean by computer programming?
A process that leads from an original formulation to a problem to the executable computer program.
What do we mean by Algorithm
a self-contained step-by-step set of operations that solve a problem
What do we mean by code?
A set of instructions programmed into a computer to perform an algorithm.
