History of Planning Flashcards
This national policy provided guaranteed home loans to veterans in 1944 and was a driving force in US suburbanization
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill)
In 1893, the Columbian Exposition (in Chicago, IL) created the foundation of which early planning movement?
City Beautiful Movement
The 1909 Plan for Chicago is sometimes viewed as the first American regional plan and was primarily created by who?
Daniel Burnham
In 1682, this city became the first in the US to have a major grid plan and a neighborhood park system.
Philadelphia, PA
Famous for his work on the first radio-centric plan in the US and the “masterpiece of American colonial city planning” (in Williamsburg, VA)
Francis Nicholson
This plan for Washington DC was the first US Grand Plan in 1790 and was written by who?
Pierre Charles L’Enfant
Name of the person associated with the ward park system, which began in Savannah, GA and was followed for over 120 years (starting in 1733).
James Oglethorpe
U.S. Route 40 began in 1811 and was the first what?
Federal highway
This was the first major purchase of parkland and the first major English Garden in the United States (Hint: it’s still famous)
Central Park, NYC
This landscape architect designed many of our famous parks including NYC’s Central Park and Prospect Park
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.
This city was home to the first major tenement house control in 1867
New York City
The 1876 Supreme Court case “Munn v. Illinois was the first time the court upheld regulation of what?
Private enterprise
In 1880, this was the first city for the Census to show had a population of over 1 million people
New York City
Jacob Riis wrote “How the Other Half Lives” and “Children of the Poor” to focus on the problems of what in America?
Slums and poverty, which lead to the 1892 study of slums, which was the first US federal city housing study
In 1880, the model industrial town (Pullman, IL) was built and designed by?
George Pullman
Eugene Debs is associated with the 1894 workers riot in which industrial town?
Pullman
In 1897, the first American Subway was created in what city?
Boston, MA
Who wrote the 1898 book, “A Peaceful Path to Real Reform” that inspired the Garden City movement?
Ebenezer Howard
This 1902 plan was written by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. and was an update of L’Enfant’s original Washington DC plan
McMillian Plan for Washington DC
In 1903 Howard’s first garden city was created where? (Hint: Not in the US)
Letchworth, England
The first mainland application of City Beautiful was found in which plan in 1906?
Plan of San Francisco
In Pittsburg, PA in 1907, the first comprehensive social science city survey was conducted by?
Shelby Harrison
In 1907, this city was the first to establish a permanent local and official planning board
Hartford, CT
In 1909, Washington DC hosted what important conference (including Benjamin Marsh and Henry Morgenthan)
The first national conference on city planning and the problems of congestion
In 1909, which state was the first to develop an enabling act for planning?
Wisconsin
In 1909, this city was the first to use zoning on raw land to shape future development
Los Angeles, CA
In 1909, James Sturgis Pray lead the first American course in city planning at this university
Harvard University
Who was responsible for the 1910 first American application of the neighborhood unit idea in NY?
Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
In 1916, the state of Ohio and Alfred Bettman created the Planning Enabling Act which was the model for what?
Planning commissions
In 1916, NYC had the first…
Comprehensive zoning ordinance
The National Highway Act was created in what year? (it was the first since the national road: US Route 40)
1916
In 1917, this was the first professional planning organization in the US
American City Planning Institute (ACPI)
The 1919 Ohio Planning Conference was the first statewide citizen’s association in support of planning and was the model for what present day organization?
APA
Which Census was the first to show more than half of American’s living in urban areas?
1) 1910
2) 1920
3) 1930
4) 1940
2) 1920 Census
In 1922, the first county planning board was formed in…
Los Angeles, CA
In 1922, Kansas City, MO created the Country Club Plaza, which was the first…
First auto-oriented suburban shopping center
In 1923, Harvard University created the first…
First graduate degree with city planning in the title
In 1925, the Cincinnati Plan of 1915 was adopted and became the first…
Major city to adopt a comprehensive plan
This Supreme Court case in 1926 was the landmark case that upheld comprehensive zoning
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty
In 1926, this state was the first to establish a state housing subsidy program under the guidance of Clarence Stein and Henry Wright
New York
Clarence Stein and Henry Wright helped to build Radburn, NJ, which became the model for…
Superblock Developments
The 1929 regional plan of NY included the neighborhood unit which was created by…
Clarence Perry
In 1929, which university created the first graduate school of city planning?
Harvard University
The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Public Works Administration were part of…
The New Deal
In 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority was created and became the first…
Federal regional planning effort
FHA Mortgage Insurance was created when?
1934, as part of the New Deal Programs
In 1934, the first national organization of citizens in support of planning was created and Alfred Bettman was the first president. It was called…
The American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)
The US Housing Act of 1937 including Catherine Bauer, Ernest Bohn, and Robert Wagner was the first legislative commitment to…
Public Housing
Greenbelt, MD; Green Hills, OH; and Greendale, WI were all created by the USDA as part of what project?
The Greenbelt Towns project, a New Deal Federal Project which was an experiment in redistributing populations
How many US Housing Acts are there?
Six (1937, 1949, 1954, 1959, 1961, 1968)
In 1939, the American City Planning Institute (ACPI est. 1917) became…
The American Institute of Planners (AIP)
Which Census year was the first to show city population moving to the suburbs?
1940
The 1941 book “Local Planning Administration” became known as the postwar planning cookbook and was written by…
Ladislas Segoe
In 1947, Atlanta Metro planning was created by state legislature and was the first in the US to…
Be funded from the beginning with public funds
Which housing act required compliance with city plans?
US Housing Act of 1949
Which housing act created urban renewal and large scale public housing?
US Housing Act of 1954
The US Housing Act of 1954 included Title 1 Section 701, which required what?
Comprehensive plans and allotment of funding to planning
In 1954, Victor Gruen designed the Northland Mall which became the model…
Shopping plaza
The 1954 Supreme Court case “Berman v. Parker” was in response to what?
Urban renewal, created a bill of rights for urban renewal
In 1956, this national program was created under the Eisenhower administration and created large scale infrastructure
The National Interstate Highway System
50/50 (federal/local) funding for most US planning was established through which legislation?
US Housing Act of 1959
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was created in 1965 and the first secretary of HUD was who?
Robert Weaver
When was advocacy planning begun?
The 1960s
Federal Fair Housing Law was created in which year?
1968
This legislation marked the end of Redlining as a practice
1968 Fair Housing Act
The 1961 Housing Act created the 221-d-3 program which created…
Below market interest rate rentals for low and middle income households and federal assistance for mass transportation
In 1978, these two organizations merged to form the American Planning Association (APA) and, within it, the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)
American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)
