History of Planning Flashcards
What is the Ordinance Act of 1785?
Established a system for surveying and selling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains Passed by Congress in 1785. the basic unit of land grant was the township, a square area measuring six square miles. The township was divided into 36 sections of 1 square mile each. Congress planned to sell sections for $640 each.
Homestead Act of 1862
Was signed by Abe Lincoln on May 20, 1862. Provided 160 acres of public land to settlers who agreed to farm the land.
Morrill Act of 1862
Morrill Land Grant College Act set aside lands to create colleges to benefit the ag and mechanical arts
General Land Law Revision Act, 1891
Commonly called the Creative Act and the Forest Reserve Act, provided for the setting aside of forest reserves. Later forest reserves became known as national forests.
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act - 1924, 1926
Allowed states to establish zoning regulations. The act was drafted in 1922 and was one of the first developments in land use planning in the US.
- Grant of power
- Provision that the legislative body could divide the local governments territory into districts
- Statement of purpose for the zoning regulations
- Procedures for establishing and amending the zoning regulations
- Limitations and conditions on the exercise of that power
City Planning Enabling Act - 1927, 1928
Covered
- the organization and power of the planning commission, wihch was directed to prepare and adopt a master plan
- the content of the master plan for the physical development of the territory
- provision for the adoption of a master street plan by the governing body
- provision for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission
- control of private subdivision of land
- provision for te establishment of a regional planning commission and a regional plan
Pierre L’Enfant
Planned Washington D.C.
- Assigned by George Washington in 1791
- Multi-centered Baroque Plan
Paris
- Napoleon III and Georges Eugene
- Houssmann
- Grand Boulevards
City Beautiful
Daniel Burnham, 1846-1912
- Worlds Columbian Exposition
- the White City
- McMillan Committee
- Resurrection of L’Enfant’s Plan (1901)
- Chicago Plan, 1909
Garden Cities
Ebenezer Howard
- 1898, To-Morrow, A Peaceful Path to Social Reform
- 1902 Garden Cities of To-Morrow
Howard’s 3 garden cities
1. Letchworth
2. Welwyn Garden City
3. Wythenshawe
City Functional
- American Planning Institute, 1917 (later American Institute of Planners)
- Introduction to City Planning 1909, Benjamin Marsh
- Improvements of Towns and Cities, 1907, Charles Mulford Robinson
- Replanning Small Cities, 1912, John Nolan
- Carrying Out the City Plan, 1914, Flavel Shurleff and Frederick Law Olmstead, Jr.
History of Zoning
New York City - Equitable Building: garment industry
- 2 issues: protection from blocking light; protection from unwanted use
NYC zoning code 1916
- Divided NY into commercial, residential, unrestricted districts; 5 types of height of building districts
- Setback design is mandated: Ziggurate
- Edward M. Bassett - “the father of zoning”
- Herbert Hoover
What year was the APA formed and how?
APA was formed on October 1, 1978, and was the consolidation of the American Institute of Planners and the American Society of Planning Officials.
AICP
American Institute of Certified Planners is responsible for the national certification of professional planners.
What is the history of the American Institute of Planners?
American Institute of Planners was incorporated in 1917 as the American City Planning Institute and was renamed in 1939
When was the American Society of Planning Officials formed?
In 1934.
