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AICP Fall 2022 > History of Planning > Flashcards

History of Planning Flashcards

1
Q

The first national planning conference was held in what year and in what city?

A

1909
Washington, D.C.

Bonus: National Conference on City Planning and Congestion Relief

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2
Q

Who wrote Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago? What’s notable about it?

A

Walter Moody (in 1912)
First known formal instruction in city planning below the college level.

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3
Q

Who wrote Carrying Out the City Plan? What’s notable about it?

A

Flavel Shurtleff (in 1914)
First major textbook on city planning

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4
Q

When was the American City Planning Institute of Planners (ACPI) established? Who was the first president of it?

A

1917
Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.

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5
Q

In 1939, the American City Planning Institute of Planners was renamed to….

A

American Institute of Planners (AIP).

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6
Q

The first issue of City Planning, a predecessor to the Journal of the American Planning Association was published in what year?

A

1925

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7
Q

What year was the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) founded in?

A

1934

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8
Q

In what year and which organization first adopted a Code of Ethics for professional planners?

A

1971; AIP

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9
Q

When was the first exam for membership issued? By whom?

A

1977; AIP

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10
Q

What entities merged to form the American Planning Association (APA)? In what year?

A

American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO).

1978

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11
Q

What city passed the first land use zoning restrictions on the location of noxious uses? In what year?

A

San Francisco; 1867

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12
Q

What city created the first local civic center plan in the US? In what year?

A

Cleveland; 1903

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13
Q

Cleveland’s 1903 local civic center plan was developed by….

A

Daniel Burnham, John Carrere, and Arnold Brunner

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14
Q

What city was the first major American city to apply City Beautiful principles? When?

A

San Francisco; 1906

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15
Q

San Francisco’s City Beautiful principles were in a plan developed by whom?

A

Daniel Burnham

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16
Q

The first town planning board was created where? In what year?

A

Hartford, Connecticut; 1907

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17
Q

The first metropolitan regional plan was created for which city? In what year?

A

Chicago; 1909

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18
Q

Who created the first metropolitan regional plan in 1909?

A

Daniel Burnham

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19
Q

What state was the first to pass enabling legislation? In what year?

A

Wisconsin; 1909

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20
Q

What city was the first to use land use zoning to guide development? In what year?

A

Los Angeles; 1909

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21
Q

What city was the first to hire a full-time employee for a city planning commission? In what year?

A

Newark, NJ; 1914

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22
Q

What city was the first to adopt a comprehensive zoning ordinance? In what year?

A

New York City; 1916

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23
Q

Who wrote the first adopted comprehensive zoning code in 1916?

A

Edward Bassett

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24
Q

What County formed the first regional planning commission? In what year?

A

Los Angeles County; 1922

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25
Q

In what year was the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act issued?

A

1924

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26
Q

Who issued the Standard State Zoning Enabling act in 1924?

A

Secretary Herbert Hoover of the US Department of Commerce.

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27
Q

Which was the first major US city to adopt a comprehensive plan? In what year?

A

City of Cincinnati; 1925

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28
Q

Who wrote the first adopted comprehensive plan?

A

Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe

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29
Q

When was the Standard City Planning Enabling Act released?

A

1928

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30
Q

Who released the Standard City Planning Enabling Act?

A

Secretary Herbert Hoover, US Department of Commerce.

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31
Q

Where was the first federally supported public housing constructed? When?

A

Cleveland; 1934

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32
Q

Where was federally supported public housing first occupied? (note: not constructed, but occupied)

A

Atlanta

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33
Q

What state was the first to introduce statewide zoning? When?

Bonus: When was it amended?

A

Hawaii; 1961

Bonus: Amended in 1978

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34
Q

Identify the author, publishing date, and general summary description of this book: How the Other Half Lives.

A

Author: Jacob Riis
Publishing Year: 1890
Description: Book of images depicting slum conditions in New York. The book resulted in housing reform in New York City.

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35
Q

What book initiated the Garden City movement? By whom was it written?

Bonus: When was it published?

A

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform
Ebenezer Howard

Bonus: In 1898

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36
Q

Who is the father of regional planning?

A

Patrick Geddes

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37
Q

Who is the author of Cities in Evolution and what is it about? When was it published?

A

Patrick Geddes;
Regional Planning;
Published in 1915

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38
Q

When was Planning for a Modern City published and who wrote it?

A

1916; Nelson Lewis

39
Q

When was Local Planning Administration published and what is notable about it?

A
  1. The book was by Ladislas Segoe and was the first in the Green Book Series produced by the International City/County Management Association.
40
Q

Who wrote Image of the City? When was it published? What was it about?

A

Kevin Lynch; 1960; the book defines basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes.

41
Q

Who wrote The Death and Life of Great American Cities? When was it published? What was it about?

A

Jane Jacobs;
1961;
Provided a critical look at planners and planning, with a special focus on the mistakes of urban renewal

42
Q

Who wrote Silent Spring? When was it published? What is it about?

A

Rachel Carson;
Published in 1962;
This book focuses on the negative effects of pesticides on the environment.

43
Q

What is a seminal book on historic preservation published in 1966?

A

With Heritage So Rich, by Alfred Reins

44
Q

What book focuses on conservation design using an overlay technique that was later the basis of GIS?

A

Design with Nature by Ian McHarg, published in 1969

45
Q

What book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design?

A

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces by William Whyte, published in 1980.

46
Q

Who created the New York Housing Authority?

A

Charles Abrams

47
Q

Who published The City is the Frontier in 1965? What was it about?

A

Charles Abram; Highly critical of US federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal, and public housing.

48
Q

Who is Thomas Adams?

A

Thomas Adams was an important planner during the Garden City movement. He was the secretary of the Garden City Association and became the first manager of Letchworth, U.K. He developed a number of garden suburbs in England and later went on to teach planning at MIT and Harvard.

49
Q

What is Saul Alinsky known for?

A

He’s an advocate of community organizing. Alinsky organized Chicago’s poor in the late 1930s and 1940s. In 1946, he published Reveille for Radicals, which encouraged those who were poor to become involved in American democracy. Later he published Rules for Radicals, which provided 13 rules for community organizing.

50
Q

Who designed “A Ladder of Citizen Participation”? When?

A

Sherry Arnstein, in 1969, for the Journal of the American Planning Association.

51
Q

What is Daniel Burnham’s most famous quote?

A

“Make no little plans. They have no fire to stir men’s blood.”

52
Q

What movement is Daniel Burnham associated with?

A

City Beautiful movement

53
Q

What is Daniel Burnham known for?

A

He was the lead force behind the 1893 Columbian Exposition and later the 1909 Plan of Chicago.

54
Q

Who wrote Silent Spring, an important book in environmental planning?

A

Rachel Carson

55
Q

What is Robert Moses known for?

A

Robert Moses transformed New York City’s public works from the 1930s through the 1950s. He expanded the state’s park system and built numerous parkways. He also built parks, playgrounds, highways, bridges, tunnels, and public housing.

56
Q

Who designed Mariemont, Ohio?

A

John Nolen

57
Q

Who created the first comprehensive plan in Florida?

A

John Nolen

58
Q

Who designed Venice, Florida?

A

John Nolen

59
Q

Who is John Nolen?

A

John Nolen designed Mariemont, Ohio and was a leading planner and landscape architect. He made substantial contributions including creating the first comprehensive plan in Florida, contributing to the park system in Madison, Wisconsin and designing Venice, Florida.

60
Q

Who is considered the father of landscape architecture?

A

Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr.

61
Q

Who is responsible for Central and Prospect Parks in New York City?

A

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.

62
Q

Who is Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr.?

A

Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. is considered the father of landscape architecture. He is responsible for many of the nation’s most important parks including Central and Prospect Parks in New York City, Niagra Reservation, and university campus landscapes. He was part of the design team for Riverside, IL, laid out in 1868.

63
Q

Who is Clarence Perry?

A

Clarence Perry developed the neighborhood unit concept which was implemented in Radburn, New Jersey. He was a key contributor to the 1929 Regional Survey of New York and its Environs.

64
Q

Who influenced the design of Radburn, NJ?

A

Clarence Perry

65
Q

Who is Paolo Soleri?

A

Paolo Soleri was an architect responsible for designing Arcosanti, an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment.

66
Q

What movement is Clarence Stein associated with?

A

Garden City movement

67
Q

Who designed Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, NY, Radburn, NJ, and many other garden suburbs in the US?

A

Clarence Stein

68
Q

Who wrote New Town for America in 1951?

A

Clarence Stein

69
Q

Who served as the head of the Resettlement Administration during the New Deal?

A

Rexford Tugwell

70
Q

Who developed Arthurdale, West Virginia?

A

Rexford Tugwell was closely involved in the development of Arthurdale, West Virginia, a Resettlement Administration community.

71
Q

What city program did Rexford Tugwell work on?

A

The greenbelt cities program, which sought construction of new, self-sufficient cities.

72
Q

Who is Rexford Tugwell? (Five points)

A
  • Head of Resettlement Administration during New Deal
  • Worked on Greenbelt Cities program, which sought construction of new, self-sufficient cities
  • Closely involved in the development of Arthurdale, WV, a Resettlement Administration Community.
  • Served on NYC Planning Commission
  • Served as governor of Puerto Rico
73
Q

Who wrote Town Planning in Practice in 1909?

A

Sir Raymond Unwin

74
Q

Who helped design Letchworth?

A

Sir Raymond Unwin; Ebenezer Howard

75
Q

Who is Sir Raymond Unwin?

A

Sir Raymond Unwin was an English town planner and designer of Letchworth. He later lectured at the University of Birmingham in England and Columbia University. He wrote Town Planning in Practice, published in 1909.

76
Q

Who was the founder of American Housing Policy?

A

Catherine Bauer Wurster

77
Q

Who wrote Modern Housing?

A

Catherine Bauer Wurster

78
Q

Who was influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937?

A

Catherine Bauer Wurster

79
Q

Who was Catherine Bauer Wurster? (Five Points)

A
  • Founder of American housing policy
  • Reformed policy related to housing and city planning
  • Executive Secretary of the Regional Planning Association
  • Wrote Modern Housing
  • Influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937.
80
Q

What was the City Beautiful Movement?

A

The City Beautiful Movement responded to US cities becoming places that had severe poverty, crime, and blight in the late 1800s, early 1900s. City Beautiful leaders believed that creating a beautiful city would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives. Daniel Burnham was a prominent leader in promoting the movement.

81
Q

What was the result of the City Beautiful Movement?

A

The result of the City Beautiful movement was the creation of Beaux-Arts style civic centers. The first model civic center was the White City, created by Daniel Burnham in Chicago for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893.

82
Q

What is the White City?

A

The White City, created by Daniel Burnham in Chicago for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893, was a Beaux-Arts style civic center.

83
Q

What city were the L’Enfant Plan and the McMillan Plan for?

A

Washington, DC

84
Q

What year was the L’Enfant Plan? What city was it for?

A

1791; Washington, DC

85
Q

What year was the McMillan Plan? What city was it for?

A

1901; Washington, DC

86
Q

Who pioneered the Garden City Movement?

A

Ebenezer Howard

87
Q

What book launched the Garden City Movemment?

A

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, published in 1898; republished in 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow

88
Q

Who formed the Garden City Association in 1899?

A

Ebenezer Howard

89
Q

What is a Garden City?

A

A Garden City is self-contained, with a population of 32,000 and a land area of 6,000 acres. A Garden City would house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres, with remaining land and population in farming areas. Garden City was intended to bring about economic and social reform. Land ownership would be held by a corporation.

90
Q

What city influenced the New Town Movement?

A

Letchworth in England, constructed in 1903.

91
Q

Who promoted the Garden City idea in the US?

A

The Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), led by Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye (who conceived of the Appalachian Trial) and others, promoted the concept.

92
Q

What was the first effort at building a Garden City in the US?

A

In 1922, the first effort at building a Garden City began in Sunnyside Gardens, New York (note the development was a planned community rather than a full-blown Garden City). A total of 77 acres in Queens was purchased and Clarence Stein devised a plan for 1,202 housing units.

93
Q

Other than Sunnyside Gardens, NY, what is known as the first American Garden City?

A

Radburn, New Jersey

94
Q

Who designed Radburn, New Jersey? In what year?

A

Clarence Stein and Henry Wright. 1928.

AICP Fall 2022 (2 decks)

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