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PH 107 > History of Pharmacy Practice > Flashcards

History of Pharmacy Practice Flashcards

1
Q

What occured around 2400 B.C., Babylon of ancient Mesopotamia?

A

The earliest known record of practice of the art of apothecary.

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2
Q

These were clay tablets in which the first sign of sickness, the prescription, and the compounding instructions were written.

A

Sumerian cuneiform

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3
Q

Practitioners of healing around 2400 B.C., Babylon, of ancient Mesopotamia

A

These were priests, pharmacists, and physicians

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4
Q

A chinese emperor around 2000 B.C. who wrote Pen T-Sao

A

Shen Nung

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5
Q

Pen T-Sao

A

A collection of 365 native herbs written by a chinese emperor

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6
Q

Native herbs mentioned Pen T-Sao

A

podophyllum, rhubarb, ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon bark, ma huang or ephedra

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7
Q

A medicinal record from ancient Egypt that contains a collection of 800 prescriptions, 700 medications, and recorded formulas

A

Papyrus Ebers

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8
Q

Recorded formulas in a medicinal record from ancient Egypt around 1500 B.C.

A

lotions, inhalations, gargles, tablets, ointments, and poultices

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9
Q

It is where the earliest recorded occurrence of a compounded medication in Indian traditional medicine

A

Sushrata Samhita

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10
Q

An early trademarked drug around 500 B.C.

A

Terra Sigillata

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11
Q

A Greek philosopher in 300 B.C. and natural scientist who is referred to as The Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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12
Q

Around 300 B.C., he was referred to as The Royal Toxicologist

A

Mithridates VI— King of Pontus

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13
Q

The reason why Mithridates VI was called The Royal Toxicologist

A

He pursued to discover the art of poisoning, avoiding poison, and treating it

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14
Q

Mithridates VI’s widely recognized antidote for poisonous substances

A

Mithridatum

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15
Q

The contribution of monasteries in Pharmacy and Medicine from the 5th to 12th century

A

Remnants of knowledge were preserved, translated, and copied in monasteries and an herbal garden was raised to benefit the sick and the injured

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16
Q

The first privately owned apothecary store

A

Baghdad

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17
Q

An Arab physician who introduced the use of mercurial ointments and the development of apparatuses

A

Abu Bakr al-Razi or Rhazes

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18
Q

The apparatuses used in pharmacies until the early 20th century

A

mortars, flasks, spatulas, and vials

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19
Q

The first hospital in Colonial America in Philadelphia

A

Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751

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20
Q

The founders of Pennsylvania Hospital

A

Dr. Thomas Bond & Benjamin Franklin

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21
Q

America’s first Hospital Pharmacist

A

Jonathan Roberts, who was hired in 1752

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22
Q

Jonathan Roberts’s successor who proposed that the practices of medicine and pharmacy be separate

A

John Morgan

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23
Q

A German-Swedish Pharmaceutical Pharmacist who was known for discovering oxygen, chlorine, and manganese

A

Carl Wilhelm Scheele, 1742–1786

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24
Q

The complete list of Scheele’s discoveries

A

4 gases, 6 inorganic acids, 5 organic acids, the isolation of glycerin and lactose, and the determination of composition of Prussian Blue (ferric ferrocyanide) and borax

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25
Q

One of the first alkaloid chemists, a German pharmacist who discovered Morphine

A

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner, 1783–1841

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26
Q

Opium’s chief narcotic principle

A

Morphine

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27
Q

Sertuner’s discovery of new organic substances

A

Alkaloids

28
Q

Aided to regulate to practice of dispensing medicine and encouraged pharmacists to develop relations with physicians

A

American Pharmaceutical Association, 1852

29
Q

The patriarch of American Pharmacy: founder of the first College of Pharmacy in the US, the first American pharmacy journal, and the first national professional association

A

Daniel B. Smith, 1792–1883

30
Q

The first College of Pharmacy in the United States of America

A

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 1821

31
Q

Smith’s protégé and colleague. A practitioner, experimenter, editor, association leader and professor, and the Father of American Pharmacy

A

William Procter Jr., 1817–1874

32
Q

The creation of 11 physicians who met at the US Capitol in Washington DC

A

The first United States Pharmacopoeia, published as, “The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America”, 1820

33
Q

A creation of the American Pharmaceutical Association aimed to serve as a resource and formulary for small-scale compounding of medicines

A

National Formulary, 1888

34
Q

It contains monographs and standards for medicines, finished drug dosage forms, active drug substances, excipients, biologics, compounded preparations, medical devices, dietary supplements, and many other therapeutics

A

USP-NF

35
Q

An American explorer, botanist, and pharmacist who collected 60,000 botanical specimens, described a thousand new species, and is cited as the author of 49 taxon names.

A

Henry Hurd Rusby, 1855–1940

36
Q

The mentioned species and alkaloid that bears Henry Hurd Rusby’s name

A

Rusby Britton, Rusbyanthus Gilg, Rusbyella Rolfe ex Rusby, and the alkaloid Rusbyine

37
Q

A German medical scientist who published a memoir, which laid the foundation for all future work on biological standardization.

A

Paul Ehrlich, 1854–1915

38
Q

Ehrlich’s pioneering works

A

contributions in hematology, immunology, chemotherapy, and the discovery of the first effective treatment for syphilis

39
Q

The start of biological products made from microorganisms

A

The discovery of diphtheria antitoxin

40
Q

The people who were involved in the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin

A

Behring and Roux, 1894

41
Q

Ehrlich’s memoir

A

The Potency Estimation of diphtheria antiserum and its theoretical basis

42
Q

Also known as Salvarasan or compound 606, the first effective treatment for syphilis, relapsing fever, and African trypanosomiasis

A

Arsphenamine, circa 1910s

43
Q

A French Pharmacist who worked 30 years in Institut Pasteur in Paris and developed a spinal anesthesia

A

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau, 1872–1949

44
Q

A spinal anesthesia that contains Amylocaine

A

Stovaine, 1904

45
Q

The first synthetic and non-addictive local anesthetic that is present in Stovaine, 1904

A

Amylocaine

46
Q

It is what paved the way for the development of sulfonamide drugs and antihistamines

A

Fourneau’s early works with bismuth and arsenic compounds

47
Q

The people involved in the isolation of hormone insulin from dogs

A

Dr. Frederick Banting and Charles Best, 1921

48
Q

The people involved in the isolation of hormone insulin from dogs

A

Dr. Frederick Banting and Charles Best, 1921

49
Q

The German company that was found in Darmstadt in 1668

A

Merck

50
Q

The person who began the transition towards an industrial and scientific concern, by manufacturing and selling alkaloids in 1827

A

Heinrich Emanuel Merck

51
Q

The company who was involved in the industrial production of medicine producing patents in 1842 and the first factory for producing only medicines in 1859.

A

Beecham

52
Q

The founders of Pfizer in 1849

A

Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart

53
Q

The reason why Pfizer succeeded

A

Pfizer was providing painkillers and antiseptics during the American Civil War

54
Q

A young cavalry commander who set up a pharmaceutical business in 1876 after his military career

A

Colonel Eli Lilly

55
Q

A naval doctor who supplied medicines during the Mexican-American war

A

Edward Robinson Squibb

56
Q

Why was Switzerland accused of being a pirate state?

A

They lacked patents

57
Q

Who commercialised Aspirin in the 20th century?

A

Bayer, 1863

58
Q

Who discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin?

A

Alexander Flemming, 1928

59
Q

The first commercialized antibacterial in 1930

A

Prontosil, a sulfonamide

60
Q

Who commercialized Prontosil?

A

Gerhard Domagk

61
Q

Who commercialized and upscaled Penicillin in 1945?

A

Howard Florey and Ernest Boris Chain

62
Q

The Golden Era of Antibiotics

A

1940–1962

63
Q

The creator of De Materia Medica

A

Pedanius Dioscorides

64
Q

He is associated with Galenicals and cold cream and the first pharmacist to use pulse as a sign of illness

A

Claudius Galenus

65
Q

The twin brothers of arabian descent who were referred to as, the “silver ones”

A

Damian, the apothecary; and Cosmas, the physician

PH 107 (2 decks)

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