history of parties Flashcards
what are the old labour ideas
-Equality- eg. Tax and welfare should be used to reduce differences in income.
-Collectivism- eg. The first date to be funded by taxes and all should be equally entitled to it.
-Capitalism- eg. key industries should be nationalised.
-Social justice- eg. Free education and welfare are at the heart of social justice.
-Class and society- eg. highly progressive taxes and welfare to make society more economically equal.
what are the new labour ideas
-individualism- eg. low income tax to be retained to encourage work
-free market- eg. no more nationalisation and some further privatisation
-Welfare state- eg. Increase spending on health and education.
-Social justice- eg. welfare state to guarantee living standards.
-Communitarianism- eg. Caring attitude towards the environment.
Gordon Brown
2007-2010
-he was able to handle the banking collapse of 2008
-unpopularity with the public, constant threat of coups, leadership challenges from within his party
-He failed to form a coalition government with the LibDems after the 2010 election and resigned as PM
Ed Miliband
2010-2015
-never succeeded in personally endearing himself to the electorate
-He was left with the uncomfortable legacy of a party with a reputation for being involved in an unnecessary war and economic incompetence after the recession in 2008
-He struggled to balance his more left-wing views with a desire to appeal to the centre ground
Jeremy Corbyn
2015-2020
-The renationalisation of water, railways + Royal mail, and the regulation of the energy market
-The reintroduction of the 50p tax rate
-An increase in corporation tax
-The establishment of a national investment bank with £250 billion for infrastructure
-The reintroduction of maintenance grants for uni students and the abolition of tuition fees
-As the party moved more left many Blairite MPs found themselves out of place and resigned
keir starmer
2020-2024
-brought the party more central after Corbyn
-accused of being authoritarian on civil liberties issues eg. not committing to overturn the conservative party’s anti protest bill
-advocated for a government based on security, prosperity and respect
One nation conservatism
-based on ideas of paternalism, pragmatism and consensus
-it sought to introduce social reform to reduce social inequalities, with the rich fulfilling an obligation to the needs of the poor
thatcherism and the new right
-combined ideas of neo liberalism + neo conservatism
-it favoured the individual as opposed to the state, as shown through free-market economics, reduced welfare and lower taxes
cameron’s conservative party
-made progress on reducing the UKs budget deficit, winning the Scottish independence referendum and detaxifying the conservative brand
-Cameron will be remembered for his decision to hold the EU referendum in June 2016
may’s conservative party
-May preferred a more interventionist approach than Cameron, wanting to create an industrial strategy and setting a price cap for energy prices
-she wanted to reintroduce grammar school and repeal the Fox hunting legislation, giving a mixed message
boris johnson
-was resurrected by May when she made him foreign secretary in June 2016
-she gave one of her most serious rivals experience of government
-didn’t stick to collective responsibility and undermined her on brexit
amber rudd
-one of Mays staunchest allies in the cabinet
-had to resign in light of the Windrush scandal
michael gove
-has some support within the conservative party with many saying he saved them from the prospect of a Johnson premiership
george osborne
-no longer an MP but but continued to challenge the PM whilst editor of a newspaper
-sacked by May in June 2016
philip hammond
-disagreed with the PM over the direction of economic policy (a remainer)
-if she won a huge majority in June 2017, he might have been sacked
sajid javid
-replaced amber rudd
-not an ally of May
-disagreed with the handling of the windrush affair
-opposed her wishes on a customs union
the lib dem’s values
-tolerance
-liberty + rights
-equality of opportunity
-social justice
-constitutionalism
social liberals
-centre left, associated with the ideas of modern liberals
-desire to increase social justice
-high spending
orange book liberals
-centre, support greater choice and competition
-aim to increase social mobility
-in favour of cutting taxes for the poorest
cleggs lib dem’s
-the moderators of the conservative party, pull them towards the centre
-help with the economic recession of 2008
-in 2015 they were reduced from 57 MPs to 8
SNP
-in 2011 they had an overall majority so use this to demand a referendum on independence: 55% no, 45% yes
-in 2015 SNP got 56/59 Scottish seats in Westminster
-drop in support in 2016/17 and they become a minority government in scotland
UKIP
-won the 2014 european election with 27.5% of the vote
-became the 3rd most popular party at the 2015 general election
-Farage became the leader in 2006- made the focus of the party on Britains ‘open door’ policy
-Cameron’s decision to hold an in/out referendum was seen as an attempt to halt the rise of UKIP
DUP
-largest party in the northern Irish assembly
-blocked attempts to introduce gay marriage + more liberal abortion laws
-supported a soft brexit
green party
-key principles= green economy, protect environment, membership of the EU, NHS + public services, education for all, a safe affordable secure and warm place to call home
plaid cymru
-to ensure that Wales can continue to buy and sell to Europe without any costly barriers
-To introduce a £7.5 billion investment program to fund vital infrastructure projects throughout Wales
-social care rescue plan to help people live independently and increase the role of community hospitals
