History Of OT Flashcards
LATE 1700’s and 1800’s
New social awareness emerged…
Goodness should be available to all people
(Beginning of welfare orgs, slavery war)
Moral treatment bad (insane chained abused locked up possessed by devil)
Cornerstone of Mental Health?
MORAL TREATMENT
MORAL TREATMENT
Philosophy that all people are entitled to human compassion
All humans have inherent value
Make “insane” life more bearable—purposeful activity—improving skills through exercise work music literature farming gardening in institutions
Society of friends (Quakers)
Moral treatment
Influenced English life by reducing use of drugs and restraints in treatment of insane
Physician prescribed routine of work and leisure is part of what philosophy
MORAL TREATMENT
Became effective means to recovery from mental illness and PAVED THE WAY FOR USE OF OCCUPATION AS HEALING MODALITY?
Moral treatment!!
Structured activity in asylums that reflected a more normal life emerged from THIS philosophy….
MORAL TREATMENT
Early 19th century
Arts and crafts movement
Promoted benefits of occupation
Industrialization changes traditional life—farming to city caused more stress:anxiety and loss of meaningful occupations
Arts and Crafts Movement
Advocated for meaningful lifestyle including engaging in farming and making products by hand
Symbolized a return to human dignity and occupations of handicraft
Connected one to nature
Early focus of OT
Applied to meet rehab goal of people with disabilities
Symbolized a return to human dignity and occupations of handicraft
Arts and craft movement of the early 19th century
EARLY 20th Century
Expanded use of tools/machines
“Man through the use of his hands, as they are energized by mind and will, can influence the state of his own health” - Mary Reilly
-using your hands connects you to your work physically and mentally
What movement was the early focus of OT?
ARTS ANS CRAFTS MOVEMENT
Who said “Man through the use of his hands, as they are energized by mind and will, can influence the state of his own health”
Mary Reilly in the 20th century
Paternalistic
Beginnings of the profession
who created sheltered workshops, used work as alternative to bed rest, and had patients design and create useful products to be sold in local stores??
Herbert Hall, MD
paternalistic
Who has a Holistic view of man?
Adolf Meyer
What view sees..Each individual should be seen as a COMPLETE AND UNIFIED WHOLE not merely a series of parts/probs to be managed
Holistic view
What view carries these Assumtions: Treat whole man (mind body soul) Collaborated with social work Brought craftiwork to ill Balance between work and play Promoted rest and sleep health Give mental patients opportunities to work plan create and learn how to use materials to main town balance
Holistic view (Adolf Meyer)
FATHER OF OT
William Rush Dunton, Jr. Psychiatrist
Who recommended exercise work and recreation for his mentally ill patients?
William Rush Dunton jr
Who promoted goal-directed occupations and utilized arts and crafts in structured environment?
William Rush Dunton Jr.
Who published the article “Principles of Ocupational Therapy” and book “Ocupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses”?
William Rush Dunton Jr.
Who says…
- Any activity should have as its objective a cure
- the activity should be interesting
- should be useful purpose other than attention gaining
- should increase knowledge of patients part
- activity should be group style
- therapist should study carefully patient and attempt to meet needs thru activity
William Rush Dunton Jr
- Who says activity should cease before onset of fatigue
- Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated
- work over idleness even when poor quality
William rush Dunton
One of the founders of NSPOT (national society for the promotion of OT)
William rush Dunton
Who opened convalescent home Clifton Springs New York?
And uses occupation as method to treat people and called it OT?
George Barton, architect
MOTHER OF OT
Eleanor Clark Slagle, social worker
Who held every office of NSPOT/AOTA?
Eleanor Clark Slagle
Who founded Henry B. Favill School of Occupations?
Eleanor Clark Slagle social worker
Who trained nurses, attendants and OT’s ?
Who believed physician should prescribe outcome needed but the OT should be independent in determining specific occupation that would best meet patients needs?
Eleanor Clark Slagle, mother of OT and social worker
Developed “Habit Training” ?
Eleanor Clark Slagle
Mother of OT
What is the re-education program intended to overcome disorganized habits to modify others habits construct new ones with the goal of restoring and maintaining health?
Incorporated entire hospital and stuff took place 24 hrs a day
Habit Training
Eleanor Roosevelt attended this woman’s retirement party….
Eleanor Clark Slagle
Mother of OT
Who did the AOTA create and honorary guest lectureship in her name for?
Eleanor Clark Slagle Lecture
The National Society for the Promotion of Ocupational Therapy formed in Clifton Springs NY was formed in what year?
1917
What year did the profession become known as AOTA?
1921
What year were the Principles of OT formed?
1925
What are the Principles of OT?
- purposeful work and leisure
- involvement of mind/body (wholism)
- OT therapy as learning process
- therapeutic use of ones personal qualities
History of OT affected/influenced by…..
Social, cultural, political changes
Individuals that developed approaches to health care
