History of Osteopathy

Question 1

What year did DOs first mount an effort to get rights to serve in the military and civil service? What year did they finally get those rights?

Answer 1

Efforts were mounted in 1917, but rights were not obtained until 1957…even then, the first officer, Harry J. Walter, DO, was not commissioned until 1966.

Question 2

What year was the Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed?

Answer 2

1977

Question 3

Who was the Surgeon General of the Army from 1996-2000?

Answer 3

Lieutenant General Ronald R. Blank, DO

Question 4

What year did DOs begin to be drafted into the military?

Answer 4

1967

Question 5

What was the result of DOs not being able to serve in the military in the 1940’s?

Answer 5

When MDs were drafted, there was a physician shortage in the US. Because DOs weren’t allowed privileges in MD hospitals, they started their own, causing a rapid increase in DO hospitals in the US

Question 6

Who was the first woman to receive a DO degree?

Answer 6

Jeanette Bolles, DO

Question 7

Who conducted significant early Osteopathic research and postulated the connective tissue model of somatic dysfunction?

Answer 7

Louisa Burns

Question 8

Who was the first graduate of KCCOS in 1917, who also graduated in 1918?

Answer 8

Mamie Johnston. She retired from KCU in 1981 at 92 years of age.

Question 9

Who was the first female Dean of a medical college (MD or DO)?

Answer 9

Barbara Ross-Lee

Question 10

What percentage DOs in active practice less than 10 years are women?

Answer 10

56%

Question 11

What was the percentage of Osteopathic medical students in 2009-2010 who were identified as minorities?

Answer 11

40%

Question 12

Who was the first minority AOA president in 1988- 1989?

Answer 12

Marcelino Oliva, DO

Question 13

From what college of Osteopathic medicine did Marcelino Oliva graduate?

Answer 13

KCU

Question 14

Who was the first African American president of the AOA?

Answer 14

William G. Anderson, DO

Question 15

What is William G. Anderson, DO known for besides being president of the AOA?

Answer 15

His work in the Civil Rights Movement with Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 16

What percentage of DOs in California in 1961 traded their DO degree for an MD?

Answer 16

85%

Question 17

What year was the “California incident” resolved? And what effect did it have on DOs across the US?

Answer 17

1974. The California incident was a catalyst for DOs obtaining rights in all 50 states.

Question 18

How many Marys did AT Still marry?

Answer 18

2. Mary Margaret Vaughn in 1849 and Mary Elvira Turner in 1860.

Question 19

What happened in 1864 that made AT Still doubt the medicine of the day?

Answer 19

Three of his children died from meningitis, and a month later another dies of pneumonia.

Question 20

How much was a two year course in Osteopathy in 1894?

Answer 20

$500

Question 21

What year was the American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO)started, and when did it change to the American Osteopathic Association?

Answer 21

AAAO was started in 1897, the AOA in 1901.

Question 22

In what state and year were DOs first licensed?

Answer 22

Vermont, 1896

Question 23

What year was the Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established?

Answer 23

1916. By Dr. A.A. Kaiser, DO and George Conley, DO

Question 24

What was the first year for inspection and approval for internships? Residencies?

Answer 24

Internships were approved in 1936 – 18 hospitals and 81 programs. Residencies were established in 1947 – 71 positions approved, 37 filled.

Question 25

What year was Osteopathy declared a “cult” by MDs? And what year was that revoked?

Answer 25

In 1922, the AMA labeled Osteopathic Medicine a “Cult.” Label removed in 1955 with the Cline Committee report.

Question 26

Who decreased mortality by 90% in an obstetrical unit by introducing handwashing to medical students after cadaver lab?

Answer 26

Ignaz Semmelweiss

Question 27

Who was the first to systematically study X-rays and use them diagnositically?

Answer 27

Wilhelm Rontgen

Question 28

Name 3-5 types of medications used in the mid- 1800’s.

Answer 28

Alcohol, mercury, calomel, morphine, cocaine, purgatives, cathartics

Question 29

What year was X-ray first used diagnostically?

Answer 29

1896

Question 30

Who was the first person to use sterile rubber gloves in surgery?

Answer 30

Dr. William Halstead

Question 31

What did Abram and Andrew Taylor Still do for a living?

Answer 31

Methodist Minister and Physician

Question 32

What event allowed Dr. Still to have access to many cadavers with which to study anatomy?

Answer 32

Cholera outbreak in a group of Indians in Kansas

Question 33

How old was “Drew” Still when he made a rope swing that cured his headache?

Answer 33

10 years

Question 34

What major battle of the Civil War did Dr. Still fight in, and what was his highest rank?

Answer 34

Westport (in Kansas City), his rank was Major

Question 35

How many children was Dr. Still left with when Mary Margaret died in 1859?

Answer 35

Three

Question 36

Name the first Osteopathic Principle

Answer 36

The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind and spirit.

Question 37

What is the second Osteopathic Principle?

Answer 37

The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing and health maintenance.

Question 38

What is the third Osteopathic Principle?

Answer 38

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.

Question 39

What is the fourth Osteopathic Principle?

Answer 39

Rational treatment is based on and understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function.

Question 40

What happened in 1910 that changed the face of medical education for MDs and DOs?

Answer 40

Abraham Flexner produced the Flexner report with harsh criticism of medical education in the US.

Question 41

What happened in 1917-1918 that took 30 million lives?

Answer 41

Spanish Flu pandemic. It is estimated that WWI took 15-18 million.

Question 42

Why was the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1917-1918 important to the Osteopathic profession?

Answer 42

Because death rates were significantly lower for those treated by DOs than those treated by MDs.

Question 43

What happened in 1961 to threaten DOs?

Answer 43

A California Referendum was passed prohibiting the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state.

Question 44

If a DO in California in 1961 wanted to get an MD degree, what would it take?

Answer 44

12 Saturday classes and $65

Question 45

When did AT Still “fling the banner of Osteopathy to the breeze?”

Answer 45

10 AM June 22, 1874

Question 46

What two things happened when Dr. Still started to spread his ideas?

Answer 46

He was formally removed from the Methodist church, and he was basically run out of town, fleeing to Macon, Missouri.

Question 47

What year did the American School of Osteopathy open?

Answer 47

1892

Question 48

How many students were in the first class?

Answer 48

22 – 17 men, 5 women

Question 49

What was the largest school of the healing arts in the us in 1900?

Answer 49

American School of Osteopathy