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OS1 > History of Osteopathy > Flashcards

History of Osteopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What year did DOs first mount an effort to get rights to serve in the military and civil service? What year did they finally get those rights?

A

Efforts were mounted in 1917, but rights were not obtained until 1957…even then, the first officer, Harry J. Walter, DO, was not commissioned until 1966.

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2
Q

What year was the Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed?

A

1977

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3
Q

Who was the Surgeon General of the Army from 1996-2000?

A

Lieutenant General Ronald R. Blank, DO

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4
Q

What year did DOs begin to be drafted into the military?

A

1967

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5
Q

What was the result of DOs not being able to serve in the military in the 1940’s?

A

When MDs were drafted, there was a physician shortage in the US. Because DOs weren’t allowed privileges in MD hospitals, they started their own, causing a rapid increase in DO hospitals in the US

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6
Q

Who was the first woman to receive a DO degree?

A

Jeanette Bolles, DO

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7
Q

Who conducted significant early Osteopathic research and postulated the connective tissue model of somatic dysfunction?

A

Louisa Burns

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8
Q

Who was the first graduate of KCCOS in 1917, who also graduated in 1918?

A

Mamie Johnston. She retired from KCU in 1981 at 92 years of age.

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9
Q

Who was the first female Dean of a medical college (MD or DO)?

A

Barbara Ross-Lee

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10
Q

What percentage DOs in active practice less than 10 years are women?

A

56%

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11
Q

What was the percentage of Osteopathic medical students in 2009-2010 who were identified as minorities?

A

40%

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12
Q

Who was the first minority AOA president in 1988- 1989?

A

Marcelino Oliva, DO

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13
Q

From what college of Osteopathic medicine did Marcelino Oliva graduate?

A

KCU

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14
Q

Who was the first African American president of the AOA?

A

William G. Anderson, DO

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15
Q

What is William G. Anderson, DO known for besides being president of the AOA?

A

His work in the Civil Rights Movement with Martin Luther King, Jr.

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16
Q

What percentage of DOs in California in 1961 traded their DO degree for an MD?

A

85%

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17
Q

What year was the “California incident” resolved? And what effect did it have on DOs across the US?

A
  1. The California incident was a catalyst for DOs obtaining rights in all 50 states.
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18
Q

How many Marys did AT Still marry?

A
  1. Mary Margaret Vaughn in 1849 and Mary Elvira Turner in 1860.
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19
Q

What happened in 1864 that made AT Still doubt the medicine of the day?

A

Three of his children died from meningitis, and a month later another dies of pneumonia.

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20
Q

How much was a two year course in Osteopathy in 1894?

A

$500

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21
Q

What year was the American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO)started, and when did it change to the American Osteopathic Association?

A

AAAO was started in 1897, the AOA in 1901.

22
Q

In what state and year were DOs first licensed?

A

Vermont, 1896

23
Q

What year was the Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established?

A
  1. By Dr. A.A. Kaiser, DO and George Conley, DO
24
Q

What was the first year for inspection and approval for internships? Residencies?

A

Internships were approved in 1936 – 18 hospitals and 81 programs. Residencies were established in 1947 – 71 positions approved, 37 filled.

25
Q

What year was Osteopathy declared a “cult” by MDs? And what year was that revoked?

A

In 1922, the AMA labeled Osteopathic Medicine a “Cult.” Label removed in 1955 with the Cline Committee report.

26
Q

Who decreased mortality by 90% in an obstetrical unit by introducing handwashing to medical students after cadaver lab?

A

Ignaz Semmelweiss

27
Q

Who was the first to systematically study X-rays and use them diagnositically?

A

Wilhelm Rontgen

28
Q

Name 3-5 types of medications used in the mid- 1800’s.

A

Alcohol, mercury, calomel, morphine, cocaine, purgatives, cathartics

29
Q

What year was X-ray first used diagnostically?

A

1896

30
Q

Who was the first person to use sterile rubber gloves in surgery?

A

Dr. William Halstead

31
Q

What did Abram and Andrew Taylor Still do for a living?

A

Methodist Minister and Physician

32
Q

What event allowed Dr. Still to have access to many cadavers with which to study anatomy?

A

Cholera outbreak in a group of Indians in Kansas

33
Q

How old was “Drew” Still when he made a rope swing that cured his headache?

A

10 years

34
Q

What major battle of the Civil War did Dr. Still fight in, and what was his highest rank?

A

Westport (in Kansas City), his rank was Major

35
Q

How many children was Dr. Still left with when Mary Margaret died in 1859?

A

Three

36
Q

Name the first Osteopathic Principle

A

The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind and spirit.

37
Q

What is the second Osteopathic Principle?

A

The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing and health maintenance.

38
Q

What is the third Osteopathic Principle?

A

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.

39
Q

What is the fourth Osteopathic Principle?

A

Rational treatment is based on and understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function.

40
Q

How does the Osteopathic physician help a patient to achieve homeostasis and health?

A

By treating the patient with Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine and medications as needed to maintain homeostasis, by recognizing the patient as a whole and not just a disease.

41
Q

What happened in 1910 that changed the face of medical education for MDs and DOs?

A

Abraham Flexner produced the Flexner report with harsh criticism of medical education in the US.

42
Q

What happened in 1917-1918 that took 30 million lives?

A

Spanish Flu pandemic. It is estimated that WWI took 15-18 million.

43
Q

Why was the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1917-1918 important to the Osteopathic profession?

A

Because death rates were significantly lower for those treated by DOs than those treated by MDs.

44
Q

What happened in 1961 to threaten DOs?

A

A California Referendum was passed prohibiting the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state.

45
Q

If a DO in California in 1961 wanted to get an MD degree, what would it take?

A

12 Saturday classes and $65

46
Q

When did AT Still “fling the banner of Osteopathy to the breeze?”

A

10 AM June 22, 1874

47
Q

What two things happened when Dr. Still started to spread his ideas?

A

He was formally removed from the Methodist church, and he was basically run out of town, fleeing to Macon, Missouri.

48
Q

What year did the American School of Osteopathy open?

A

1892

49
Q

How many students were in the first class?

A

22 – 17 men, 5 women

50
Q

What was the largest school of the healing arts in the us in 1900?

A

American School of Osteopathy

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