HISTORY OF NURSING THEORY

Question 1

• Addressed the question of what content nurses should study to learn how to be a nurse.
• The idea of moving nursing education from hospital-based diploma programs into colleges and universities began to emerge during this era ( Erwin,2015; Judd & Sitzman, 2013).

Answer 1

CURRICULUM ERA

Question 2

• It was a natural outgrowth of the research and graduate education eras

Answer 2

THEORY ERA

Question 3

• The significance of theory for the discipline of nursing is that the discipline is dependent on theory for its continued existence .
• Nursing can be a vocation, or nursing can be a discipline with a professional style of theory-based practice.
• Commitment to theory-based evidence for practice is beneficial to patients in that it guides systematic, knowledgeable care.

Answer 3

SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE DISCIPLINE

Question 4

Rationalist epistemology (scope of knowledge ) emphasizes the importance of a priori reasoning as the appropriate method for advancing knowledge. Priori reasoning uses deductive logic by reasoning from the cause to an effect or from generalization to a particular instance.

Answer 4

• RATIONALISM

Question 5

The empiricist view is based on the central idea that scientific knowledge can be derived only from sensory experience. (ex. Seeing, feeling, hearing facts.)

Answer 5

• EPIRICISM

Question 6

One of the major perspectives in the new philosophy emphasized that science was a process of consciously building research rather than a product of findings.

Answer 6

EMERGENT VIEWS

Question 7

Provided laws that covered every facet of Babylonian life including medical practice and recommended specific doctors for each disease and gave each patient the right to choose between the use of charms, medications or surgical procedures.

Answer 7

BABYLONIA – Code of Hammurabi

Question 8

Introduced the art of embalming
Developed the ability to make keen observation and left a record of 250 recognized diseases
Slaves and patient’s families nursed the sick

Answer 8

• EGYPT

Question 9

Believed that in using girl’s clothes for male babies keep evils away from them
Prohibited the dissection of dead human body as a worship to ancestors
They gave the world knowledge of material medica (pharmacology)

Answer 9

• CHINA

Question 10

 Men of medicine built hospitals, practiced an intuitive form of asepsis and were proficient in the practice of medicine and surgery
 Sushurutu made a list of function and qualifications of nurses. This was the first reference to nurse’s taking care of the patient’s

Answer 10

• INDIA

Question 11

 Moses was recognized as the “Father of Sanitation”

Answer 11

• ISRAEL

Question 12

 The Romans attempted to maintain vigorous health, because illness was a sign of weakness
 Care of the ill was left to the slaves or Greek physicians. Both groups were looked upon as inferior by Roman society

Answer 12

• ROME

Question 13

 Nursing was the task of untrained slave
 Introduced caduceus, the insignia of medical profession today
 Hippocrates was given the title of “Father of Scientific Medicine”. He made major advances in medicine by rejecting the belief that diseases had supernatural causes. He also developed assessment standards for clients, established overall medical standards, recognized a need for nurses.

Answer 13

• ANCIENT GREECE

Question 14

installed a first hospital in an estate house in Tejeros; provided nursing care to the wounded night and day

Answer 14

JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

Question 15

converted their house into quarters for the Filipino soldiers, during the Philippine-American War that broke out in 1899

Answer 15

ROSA SEVILLA DE ALVERO

Question 16

wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; organized Filipino Red Cross under the inspiration of Apolinario Mabini

Answer 16

DONA HILARIA DE AGUINALDO

Question 17

second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; provided nursing care to Filipino soldiers during revolution. President of Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas

Answer 17

DONA MARIA AGONCILLO DE AGUINALDO

Question 18

Nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter and food

Answer 18

MELCHORA AQUINO

Question 19

a revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the wounded when not in combat

Answer 19

CAPITAN SALOME

Question 20

revolutionary leader in Laguna, also provided nursing services to her troops

Answer 20

. AGUEDA KAHABAGAN

Question 21

revolutionary leader in Laguna, also provided nursing services to her troops

Answer 21

AGUEDA KAHABAGAN

Question 22

– “Ina ng Biac na Bato”, stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for the wounded soldiers.

Answer 22

TRINIDAD TECSON

Question 23

the first Filipino nurse to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines

Answer 23

ANASTACIA GIRON-TUPAS

Question 24

“Environmental Theory”
• “the act of utilizing the environment of the
• patient to assist him in his recovery.”

Answer 24

1860

• FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

Question 25

• “Theory of Interpersonal Relations”

* “emphasis on the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.”

Answer 25

1952

• HILDEGARD PEPLAU

Question 26

• “Nursing Need Theory”

* “assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs”.

Answer 26

1955

• VIRGINIA HENDERSON

Question 27

• “Typology of 21 Nursing Problems” the focus of nursing is “disease-centered approach to a patient-centered approach

Answer 27

1960

• FAYE ABDELLAH

Question 28

• “The Deliberative Nursing Process”
• “emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse and viewed nursing as finding out and meeting the patient’s immediate need for help”.

Answer 28

 1962

• IDA JEAN ORLANDO